diff --git a/BUILD-STATE.md b/BUILD-STATE.md
index 0d3e49a..49111b2 100755
--- a/BUILD-STATE.md
+++ b/BUILD-STATE.md
@@ -1,7 +1,182 @@
 # VYNDR — Build State
 
 ## Last Updated
-2026-08-03
+2026-08-09
+
+## Fix A0 (2026-08-09) — Withdraw unknowable verdicts + read-integrity harness ✅
+4,569 tests / 363 suites green (repo config). **Measure-only: no production
+reader edited, no eligibility opened, no delete, no settle, no schema.**
+- **SHIPPED** `specs/read-integrity-harness.md` (spec-first),
+  `src/utils/readIntegrity.js` (pure + injectable core),
+  `scripts/read-integrity.js` (CLI + declarative 25-reader registry),
+  `src/services/model/withdrawnVerdicts.js` (append-only withdrawal record),
+  30 new unit tests across two suites.
+- **AC5 verified on prod:** the harness reproduces the probe — known-corrupt
+  `prove-hit-factors:136` at 16.5%, known-clean `challenger-scoreboard:112` at 0%.
+- **Baseline: 11 FAIL / 13 PASS / 1 KEY_NOT_UNIQUE of 25.** Worst
+  `champion-ablation:173` 33.6%, `proven-status:76` 32.6%,
+  `calibrationService.fromLedger:110` (the one LIVE reader) 24.8%.
+- **WITHDRAWN:** `defense_by_direction` + `pitcher_contact_profile` on hits →
+  `WITHDRAWN_PENDING_REAUDIT`. Nothing is PROVEN on hits from the factor gate now.
+- **OPEN, urgent, NOT in this order's scope:** (1) the live
+  `calibrationService.fromLedger` reader is 24.8% corrupt in production; (2)
+  `hitsFactors.js` still serves both withdrawn factors AND `platoon_severity`,
+  which never passed the gate at all. Both are A1/A2 decisions.
+
+## Fix A1 (2026-08-09) — safePaginate + the first corrected reader ✅
+4,592 tests / 365 suites green, web build exit 0. **Served grade FROZEN;
+`CALIBRATION_DEPLOYED` still `[]`; nothing re-certified, re-deployed or
+un-withdrawn.**
+- **SHIPPED** `src/utils/safePaginate.js` (stable ORDER BY on a unique key +
+  runtime uniqueness guard + error propagation, built on the tested
+  `readIntegrity.walk`), 13 unit tests; `calibrationService.loadSettledRows`
+  extracted + converted, 11 unit tests.
+- **HARNESS: FAIL 24.8% → PASS (0 dup / 0 missing of 2,490)**, measured through
+  the REAL function via the new `readerRows` arm (`arm_a: real_reader_function`).
+  The unfixed twin `lowParamService.fromLedger:78` still measures 24.8% — the
+  control that proves the PASS is not a registry edit.
+- **CORRECTION to A0:** this reader was never live. `CALIBRATION_DEPLOYED = []`
+  (snapshotService.js:301) means the loop never runs; calibrationService is only
+  the SHADOW; `chainAcross` has no callers. **A1 changed no served number.**
+- **MAP DELTA (reported, NOT deployed):** certified-band error −0.046 → +0.010,
+  ceiling 0.833 → 0.810, span unchanged at 0.50–0.70, `fitted_through` shifted a
+  day because duplicates moved the time split.
+
+## Fix A2 (2026-08-09) — safePaginate rolled across every FAIL reader ✅
+4,628 tests / 366 suites, web build exit 0. **Served grade FROZEN;
+`CALIBRATION_DEPLOYED` still `[]`; both hits verdicts still withdrawn; no
+eligibility opened, no delete/settle.**
+- **11 FAIL → 0 FAIL.** Full 26-reader baseline: **25 PASS + 1 KEY_NOT_UNIQUE**
+  (the `batter_spray` composite-key data fact, unchanged and correctly named).
+  Worst corruption 33.6% → **0%**.
+- Every fixed reader verified through the harness's `real_reader_function` arm,
+  i.e. the code that actually runs — not a restated query, never a `fixed:true`.
+- **PRIMARY calibrator first:** `lowParamService.fromLedger:78` 24.8% → PASS.
+- **7 scripts converted** via `pageSafe` + named `READS` exports + a
+  `require.main === module` guard (needed because the harness imports them and
+  several write to `mc_test_ledger`; verified unchanged at 168 rows).
+- **RESISTED THE HELPER:** the context tables have composite PKs with no single
+  unique column, so `paginate()` cannot order them. They measure 0% and are left
+  on `page()`, documented in-file. Composite-key ordering is the open item.
+- **OPEN:** an unresolved intermittent in `snapshotService.test.js` (2/30 on
+  branch, 0/29 at HEAD — not statistically distinguishable, assertion never
+  captured). Recorded, not dismissed.
+
+## Fix A2b (2026-08-09) — every read clean by construction ✅
+4,699 tests / 366 suites, web build exit 0. **Grade FROZEN; `CALIBRATION_DEPLOYED`
+still `[]`; verdicts still withdrawn; no eligibility, no settlement, no
+version-stamp, no delete. No context data altered.**
+- **34 readers, 34 PASS, 0 FAIL, 0 KEY_NOT_UNIQUE** — up from 26 readers / 1
+  KEY_NOT_UNIQUE. 30 of 34 measured through the REAL reader function.
+- **safePaginate takes composite keys**; `src/utils/tableKeys.js` holds the real
+  constraints from `pg_index`. All 7 context tables converted; `batter_spray`
+  resolved (wrong key, not bad data).
+- **The 3 A2 legacy reads converted**; `KNOWN_LEGACY_READS` is now empty.
+- **`calibrate-hits.js` found at 24.7%** during the sweep and converted.
+- **The unordered `page()` helper is DELETED from all 15 scripts.**
+- **Write-scripts assessed, data untouched:** omission-only failure mode; read is
+  0% today; historical exposure bounded at ~6.6 players / ~0.16 games.
+
+## Fix A3 (2026-08-09) — eligibility can honestly count ✅
+4,723 tests / 367 suites, web build exit 0. **Grade FROZEN; `CALIBRATION_DEPLOYED`
+still `[]`; `hitsFactors`, `hitsFactorContext`, `withdrawnVerdicts`,
+`reAuditEligibility`, `snapshotService` all EMPTY DIFF. No verdict re-run, no
+calibration re-fit, no historical re-stamp.**
+- **ONE version source:** `src/config/modelVersion.js` = `engine1@2026-08-07-fullwindow`.
+  Both `ledgerService` and `retentionService` import it; the twin defaults that
+  silently blocked eligibility are gone.
+- **Snapshot settlement on the cron:** `snapshotSettlementService` wired into
+  `snapshotScheduler` beside the ledger settle. Outcomes only, no context
+  reconstruction. Settled **15,484 → 28,894**; repaired-champion **0 → 7,556**;
+  0 rows settled with a null actual_value. 24 new unit tests.
+- **Eligibility (counted, not run):** 2 eligible dates against 10/10/14/14.
+  All four measurements remain BLOCKED — now for the honest reason.
+
+## Fix A4 (2026-08-09) — as-of-correct context ✅
+4,735 tests / 368 suites, web build exit 0, harness still 34/34 PASS.
+**Grade output UNCHANGED (proven 400/400); inputs NOT frozen (that is A5); no
+re-audit run, no verdict re-run, no calibration re-fit; `CALIBRATION_DEPLOYED`
+still `[]`.**
+- `hitsFactorContext.build(sb, {asOf})` — dated reads bounded `.lte('as_of_date')`,
+  latest-within-bound, **refusal on absence** (never nearest/latest).
+- Dated statcast comes from `statcast_history` (aggregates keeps one date);
+  verified identical to aggregates at the head, 1,414 rows / 0 diffs.
+- **Coverage on the two re-audit dates: spray/platoon/handedness 99% and 98.9%**,
+  2 players short per date. **Defence 0% from the row** — `opponent` is NULL on
+  every settled repaired-champion row; it needs the game-log join.
+- 12 new unit tests incl. the contamination lock (never a row dated after asOf).
+
+## Fix A5 (2026-08-10) — input freeze, and a finding that reframes it ✅
+4,751 tests / 369 suites, web build exit 0. **Grade UNCHANGED (496/496); no
+re-audit, no verdict re-run, no calibration; `CALIBRATION_DEPLOYED` still `[]`.**
+- **FINDING: the three hits factors NEVER FIRE.** 596/596 real props skipped,
+  multiplier 1 every time, because `prop.opponent` / `prop.opposing_pitcher` are
+  never set by anything. They are wired and inert. Plumbing them is a MODEL
+  CHANGE and needs its own order.
+- **`model_snapshots.factor_inputs` jsonb** (migration 034, APPLIED) freezes the
+  raw inputs at grade time — never the multiplier, which stays recomputable via
+  `factorFreeze.recompute()`. Proven: frozen == read (496/496), recompute == live
+  (496/496).
+- **Forward-only.** Existing 7,556 settled rows keep NULL `factor_inputs` and
+  NULL `opponent`; defence re-audit on them still needs the game-log join.
+
+## Fix A6 (2026-08-10) — join keys plumbed into a SHADOW resolve ✅
+4,762 tests / 370 suites, web build exit 0. **Served grade FROZEN; no re-audit,
+no verdict reinstated, no calibration; `CALIBRATION_DEPLOYED` still `[]`.**
+- `matchupKeys` resolves opponent + opposing pitcher from `lineup_context`
+  (as-of) + schedule probables. Refuses rather than guessing.
+- **Key resolution 248/308 (80.5%)** on 2026-08-09; 60 refused (no lineup row).
+- **Shadow fire: pitcher_contact 248, defense_by_direction 185,
+  platoon_severity 147** — up from 0/0/0. Multiplier median 1.017, range
+  0.803–1.250; 245/248 would move the served number.
+- Served p_win identical on every evaluated row; shadow recompute-check 248/248.
+
+## Fix A7 (2026-08-11) — shadow accrual proven + A8 pre-registered ✅
+4,772 tests / 371 suites, web build exit 0. **Nothing turned on. Served grade
+frozen; `CALIBRATION_DEPLOYED` still `[]`; no verdict reinstated; gate NOT run.**
+- **Accrual is automatic on the scheduled pass** — proven end-to-end through the
+  real `gradeAndCacheSlate → onGraded → rowsFromSides` chain (10 new tests),
+  plus assertions that `runSnapshot` builds the key index pre-grade and degrades
+  safely.
+- **Complete (would_fire, outcome) pairs today: 0.** `factor_inputs` is
+  0/122,276 — A5/A6 are not deployed. Accrual begins at deploy.
+- **`specs/a8-shadow-factor-gate.md`** pre-registers the two-part gate (movement
+  AND Brier, cluster-resampled, cumulative-Bonferroni, new-test α) with named
+  fallbacks. Not run.
+- **Binding constraint is CLUSTERS: ~10.5 settled games/slate ⇒ `MIN_CLUSTERS`
+  40 in ~4 slates**, while `MIN_N` 500 is met in 1–2. A8 runnable ≈5 slates
+  after deploy.
+
+### Next
+- **A8 — run the pre-registered gate** once ≈5 slates have accrued.
+- **A9 — turn the factors on LIVE**, only if A8 returns PROVES, and with its own
+  before/after on the served board.
+- **(superseded) A7 — turn the factors on LIVE.** This is the biggest served-grade change in
+  VYNDR's history: ~80% of hits props would move, median +1.7%, tails ±20-25%.
+  Gate it on (a) accrued shadow evidence, (b) a re-proof of the withdrawn
+  verdicts on rows where the factors actually fire.
+- **(superseded) A6 — plumb `opponent` + `opposing_pitcher` into the graded prop.** This is a
+  MODEL CHANGE (grades will move): measure the delta against the frozen
+  `available` fields first, then decide.
+- **(superseded) A5 — freeze the factor inputs onto the graded row** so a re-audit does not
+  depend on context tables at all (and so defence stops needing a game-log join).
+- **(done in A4) as-of-correct context** (`hitsFactorContext.build` has no as-of cutoff;
+  it also orders context walks on a non-unique prefix). **The re-audit RUN is
+  gated on this, not on clean reads.**
+- **A2c (was A2b)** — composite-key ordering in `safePaginate` so the context tables can be
+  made safe by construction rather than clean by luck; then convert the 3 known
+  legacy reads and register `backfill-context` / `reconstruct-game-environment`.
+- **A2c** — chase the `snapshotService.test.js` intermittent to an assertion.
+- **(superseded)** roll `safePaginate` across the remaining FAIL readers, starting with
+  `lowParamService.fromLedger:78` (the PRIMARY calibrator, 24.8%). Each must move
+  FAIL → PASS on a measured re-run through `readerRows`, never on the presence of
+  an `.order()` clause. Remaining: `champion-ablation:173` 33.6%,
+  `proven-status:76` 32.6%, `prove-hit-factors:131/136`, `prove-tb-factors:149/154`,
+  `cluster-prove:337`, `tb-solo-and-interactions:260`, `build-grade-bands:49/54`.
+- **A3** — decide what to do about `hitsFactors.js` serving two withdrawn factors
+  plus `platoon_severity`, which never passed the gate.
+- **Re-certification of calibration is a separate gated order** on the accrual
+  clock — not unlocked by A1.
 
 ## Session 94 (2026-08-04) — Causally-correct platoon + park inputs ✅
 4,307 tests / 344 suites green, build exit 0. Counter + frozen clusters
diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md
index e35372d..cce4673 100755
--- a/CLAUDE.md
+++ b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -1749,6 +1749,342 @@ phased plan in the Session-57 conversation / BUILD-STATE Next section).
 - **Proven factors for hits remain: `pitcher_contact_profile`,
   `defense_by_direction`.** Crude `defense` and `platoon` both still NOT_PROVEN.
 
+## Read integrity + withdrawn verdicts (Fix A0 — non-obvious)
+- **THE SHARED `page()` HELPER RETURNS THE RIGHT COUNT AND THE WRONG ROWS.**
+  `.range(from, from+PAGE-1)` with no `ORDER BY` was measured on prod returning
+  410–617 duplicates out of 2,490 on the hits gate's ledger read, with an equal
+  number of real rows NEVER returned. `rows.length` matches the server count
+  exactly, which is why it hid for months. `settle-model-snapshots.js:92-98`
+  found and fixed this in ONE script and it was never carried across.
+- **EXPOSURE CANNOT BE REASONED FROM SOURCE — only measured, per reader, per
+  run.** `challenger-scoreboard` walks 12 pages of `ledger_entries` clean;
+  `calibrationService.fromLedger` walks 3 pages of the SAME table at 24.8%
+  corrupt. The difference is the query PLAN (filters × table stats × concurrent
+  writes), which nothing in the code predicts. Same query re-measured minutes
+  apart moved 16.5% → 24.8%. **Never infer a reader is safe; run the harness.**
+- **`src/utils/readIntegrity.js` + `scripts/read-integrity.js` are the
+  instrument.** Spec `specs/read-integrity-harness.md`. A reader PASSES only on
+  MEASURED set identity vs an ordered control — **the presence of an `.order()`
+  clause is never evidence** (a grep-for-the-clause guard would verify its own
+  intention, the meta-scar). The control validates itself: ordered-distinct ≠
+  server `count(*)` ⇒ `CONTROL_INVALID`, never PASS. A non-unique key ⇒
+  `KEY_NOT_UNIQUE`, so duplicate DATA is never blamed on the walk.
+  `walk()` PROPAGATES a fetch error — swallowing it as end-of-data is the
+  `calibrationService.fromLedger:117` defect and the 2026-08-01 settlement shape.
+- **Baseline 2026-08-09: 11 of 25 registered readers FAIL, worst 33.6%**
+  (`champion-ablation:173`), `proven-status:76` 32.6%. Duplicates are WORSE than
+  a random subsample: they inflate `factorGate.movement.n` against `MIN_N=500`
+  AND corrupt the leave-one-out per-player baseline that is the gate's null.
+- **BOTH hits PROVES are WITHDRAWN_PENDING_REAUDIT**
+  (`src/services/model/withdrawnVerdicts.js`, append-only — originals never
+  edited). `defense_by_direction` proved at n=528; at ~20% duplication distinct-n
+  ≈422 < MIN_N 500, so it was likely never eligible (arithmetic on the recorded
+  n, NOT a re-measurement). `pitcher_contact_profile` n=741 was plausibly
+  eligible but its CI was computed on a corrupt sample against a corrupt
+  baseline. Reinstatement requires re-running the gate through readers the
+  harness reports PASS for ON THE DAY.
+- **WITHDRAWAL ≠ DISARMAMENT.** `hitsFactors.js` HARDCODES its three factors and
+  consults no registry, so both withdrawn factors still move served `p_win`.
+  Worse: its header calls all three "the three PROVEN hits factors" but
+  **`platoon_severity` never passed the gate** (n=452 < 500) — a factor that was
+  never proven is live in the served forecast.
+- **There is NO verdict table.** `featureRegistry.statVerdicts` is an in-memory
+  Map that resets per process; `mc_test_ledger` holds hypothesis COUNTS for the
+  Bonferroni denominator, not verdicts. Standing verdicts live in `specs/` +
+  CLAUDE.md, which is why the withdrawal is a committed file.
+
+## safePaginate + the calibration fence (Fix A1 — non-obvious)
+- **`src/utils/safePaginate.js` is the ONE way to walk a paginated PostgREST
+  read.** `paginate(makeQuery, {key:'id', label})` — takes a query FACTORY (a
+  builder is single-use), applies a stable ORDER BY on a UNIQUE key on every
+  page, VERIFIES uniqueness at runtime (a repeated key throws — the guard that
+  runs every time, vs the harness which runs on demand), and THROWS on a query
+  error. It reuses `readIntegrity.walk`; never hand-roll a second walk.
+  **An `.order()` on a NON-UNIQUE column is not a fix** — ties still scramble.
+- **`null` and `throw` mean different things and must stay different.**
+  `fromLedger` returns `null` for "not enough settled history" and PROPAGATES a
+  throw for "the read failed". Collapsing them (`if (error || !data) break`) is
+  what let a 1,000-row fragment look like a complete 2,490-row fit.
+- **A fixed reader is measured through the REAL FUNCTION.** The harness spec
+  takes `readerRows` (a call into production code), not a restatement of the
+  corrected query and never a `fixed:true` flag — those verify a restatement and
+  a comment respectively. `arm_a` on the result says which was used.
+- **CORRECTION to the A0 report: `calibrationService.fromLedger` was NOT live.**
+  `snapshotService.js:301` is `CALIBRATION_DEPLOYED = Object.freeze([])` with no
+  env override, so `for (const stat of CALIBRATION_DEPLOYED)` never executes.
+  It is fenced THREE deep: empty deploy list; `calibrationService` is only the
+  SHADOW (the primary is `lowParamService`); and `chain.chainAcross` has ZERO
+  callers anywhere. `p_win_calibrated` appears in no route and no web file.
+  **Nothing serves a calibrated number.** `calibrationDeployGate.test.js` locks it.
+- **The corrupt fit was wrong in a way row-count could not show.** Corrupt vs
+  corrected on the same 2,490 rows: certified-band observed error **−0.046 →
+  +0.010** (4.6x closer), ceiling 0.833 → 0.810, map output moving up to ±0.043.
+  The certified span stayed 0.50–0.70 either way. And the duplicates shifted the
+  TIME split: `fitted_through` 2026-08-06 → 2026-08-05, so the corrupt read
+  fitted a different window than intended.
+- **`lowParamService.fromLedger:78` carries the byte-identical defect and is the
+  PRIMARY calibrator** (calibrationService is its shadow). Left broken on purpose
+  in A1 as the harness's control — it still measures 24.8%, which is how we know
+  the PASS is real and not a registry edit. First target for A2.
+
+## A2 rollout — 0 FAIL readers (non-obvious)
+- **`pageSafe()` is the per-script wrapper**, present in the 7 gate scripts:
+  `pageSafe(sb, table, select, apply, key='id')` → `safePaginate.paginate`. The
+  legacy `page()` SURVIVES in the same files **on purpose** — the context tables
+  (`statcast_aggregates`, `batter_spray`, `team_defense`, `platoon_splits`,
+  `park_dimensions`, `hitter_opportunity`, `lineup_context`) have **COMPOSITE
+  primary keys with no single unique column**, which `paginate()` cannot express.
+  They measure 0% today. **Never use `page()` for `ledger_entries` or
+  `model_snapshots`** — `tests/unit/readerPagination.test.js` fails if you do.
+- **`ledger_entries` and `model_snapshots` are the only two tables with a
+  single-column PK (`id`)** — which is why all 11 corrupt readers were fixable
+  and the context tables were not. Composite-key ordering is the open item.
+- **Every fixed read is a named `READS` export**, and `main()` is wrapped in
+  `if (require.main === module)`. Both are load-bearing: the harness `require()`s
+  these scripts to call the REAL function, and several of them WRITE to
+  `mc_test_ledger` (the Bonferroni denominator) via `tl.recordAndCount`. Without
+  the guard, measuring a reader would inflate the multiple-comparisons
+  correction. Verified: `mc_test_ledger` stayed 168 rows / last write 2026-08-06
+  across the full harness run.
+- **3 reads deliberately left on the legacy walk** (`proven-status:66`, `:85`,
+  `champion-ablation:176`) — they measured 0% and the A2 order scoped to the FAIL
+  set. They are listed in `KNOWN_LEGACY_READS` in the test so the gap is tracked,
+  not invisible. They are clean **by plan, not by construction**.
+- **`backfill-context.js` and `reconstruct-game-environment.js` still walk
+  `ledger_entries` unordered and are NOT in the harness registry** — unmeasured,
+  not proven clean.
+- **SUITE FLAKE, UNRESOLVED:** `snapshotService.test.js` "Wave 2A — threads the
+  resolved athlete id" failed 2 times in 30 full-suite runs on this branch and
+  0 in 29 at HEAD. That difference is NOT statistically significant (Fisher
+  ≈ p 0.5) and the assertion could not be captured in 24 instrumented runs. The
+  plausible mechanism is that +89 tests reshuffles jest worker sharding and
+  exposes a latent cross-suite interference. Isolated: 5/5 clean. **Do not treat
+  it as resolved.**
+
+## A2b — clean by construction (non-obvious)
+- **`safePaginate` takes a COMPOSITE key**: `key: ['as_of_date','sport','season','player_key']`.
+  Every column is ordered, in order, and the uniqueness guard checks the FULL
+  tuple. Ordering on a PREFIX is not a fix — the trailing columns are exactly
+  where the ties live. String keys still work; the 12 A2 readers were unaffected.
+- **`src/utils/tableKeys.js` is the single source of truth for row identity**,
+  pulled from `pg_index WHERE indisunique` on 2026-08-09 — never assumed. It
+  THROWS for an unknown table rather than defaulting to `id`, because a silent
+  `id` default would order by a column that may not exist and would look fixed
+  while doing nothing. `pageSafe(sb, table, ...)` defaults its key from here.
+  **If a migration changes a constraint, change it here** — a stale entry
+  surfaces as a runtime duplicate-tuple throw, which is the intended loud failure.
+- **Only `ledger_entries`, `model_snapshots` and `game_context` have a
+  single-column key.** Every other context table is dated-composite
+  (`as_of_date, sport, season, <entity>`) by design — one as-of snapshot per
+  entity per day. That is why A2 could not reach them.
+- **`batter_spray`'s KEY_NOT_UNIQUE was a wrong key, not bad data** — 6 "duplicate"
+  `player_key|as_of_date` pairs resolve cleanly on the real
+  `as_of_date,sport,season,source_id`. The harness naming it rather than
+  swallowing it is what made that diagnosable.
+- **THE UNORDERED `page()` HELPER IS DELETED FROM ALL 15 SCRIPTS**, not parked
+  next to `pageSafe`. It had become dead code, and a dead broken helper is an
+  invitation. `readerPagination.test.js` fails if one reappears.
+- **A converted read MUST select its key columns.** 10 reads selected a subset
+  that omitted `id` or the composite columns; the uniqueness guard would have
+  thrown at runtime. A checker script verified every converted select covers its
+  key — do that after any conversion.
+- **`calibrate-hits.js:40` was an unregistered 24.7%-corrupt ledger walker**
+  found during the sweep — it fits the calibration reliability curve, so a fifth
+  of the history was double-weighted and another fifth absent from every bin.
+  Converted.
+- **WRITE-SCRIPT VERDICT (data untouched):** `backfill-context` and
+  `reconstruct-game-environment` build DISTINCT SETS from their read, so
+  corruption causes OMISSION, never a wrong value — the values come from
+  statsapi/Open-Meteo. Their shared read measures **0% today** (5,107 rows), and
+  a random-drop sensitivity at 24.8% bounds historical exposure at **~6.6 of 419
+  players** (18 have a single row) and **~0.16 of 153 games** (median 37 rows).
+  Small, bounded, and NOT a reason to rewrite context data.
+- **STILL OPEN — a clean read is not an as-of-correct read.**
+  `hitsFactorContext.build` has no as-of cutoff (it takes `latestBy(as_of_date)`)
+  AND orders its context walks by a NON-UNIQUE prefix (`player_key`/`team`). Same
+  prefix problem in `factor-wiring-audit.js:62-65`. Reading today's context for a
+  past row is contamination even when the read is perfect. Next order.
+
+## A3 — version alignment + snapshot settlement (non-obvious)
+- **`src/config/modelVersion.js` is the ONLY place a model version is declared.**
+  `ledgerService` and `retentionService` both read `process.env.MODEL_VERSION`
+  but carried DIFFERENT hardcoded defaults (`engine1@2026-07-20` vs
+  `engine1@2026-08-07-fullwindow`). Prod sets no env var, so the two tables took
+  different defaults and **no ledger row ever carried the marker
+  `reAuditEligibility` requires** — the accrual clock read "blocked" when the
+  real state was "mis-stamped". Never re-declare a version default beside its
+  consumer; it will drift from the other consumer and both sides look locally
+  correct.
+- **`REPAIRED_CHAMPION_VERSION` is deliberately NOT `MODEL_VERSION`.** The
+  eligibility bar is a fixed fact about one repair; tying it to "whatever we
+  stamp today" would make every future version silently re-qualify itself.
+- **History is NOT re-stamped.** Rows keep the marker they were written with —
+  rewriting them destroys the only record of which forecast produced them. Old
+  rows stay honestly old.
+- **`snapshotSettlementService` settles `model_snapshots` on the cron** that
+  already settles the ledger, best-effort (the retention table is a measurement
+  asset, not the public record — a failure must not take the ledger settle or the
+  grade with it). **Outcomes only: it never reconstructs context** (a test greps
+  for every context table name).
+- **THE DRAIN ORDER IS A CORRECTNESS PROPERTY, and oldest-first is wrong.**
+  Measured: 308 rows across the eight oldest dates are structurally unsettleable
+  (post-hoc-logged or orphaned), so an oldest-first window re-processed dead
+  dates forever and `dates_remaining` never moved. It is now (1) NEWEST-first,
+  (2) date selection filtered by `isPreGame` — pure, so unsettleable rows are
+  known without fetching — and (3) window-advancing when a window produces
+  nothing. All three were needed to make it terminate.
+- **A row logged after first pitch is not a prediction.** A 01:00-UTC cycle is
+  21:00 ET the *previous* evening — same game date, three hours into the slate.
+  A UTC date compare would keep those rows. **20,064 rows are permanently
+  unsettleable** for this reason and are counted, not hidden.
+- **`outcome` is SIDE-ALIGNED, `actual_value` is raw.** `p_win` is expressed for
+  the graded side, so a raw `realized > line` indicator would invert the target
+  on every under row.
+- **RESULT:** settled 15,484 → **28,894**; repaired-champion **0 → 7,556**;
+  `settled_but_null_actual = 0` on every row.
+- **ELIGIBILITY NOW COUNTS BUT IS STILL SHORT: 2 eligible dates vs 10/10/14/14
+  needed.** And the re-audit must not RUN on clean reads alone — it is gated on
+  the **as-of-correct context fix** (`hitsFactorContext.build` has no as-of
+  cutoff), which is a separate order.
+
+## A4 — as-of-correct context (non-obvious)
+- **`hitsFactorContext.build(sb, { asOf })`.** No `asOf` = LIVE = the exact code
+  that ran before, so the served grade cannot move. Only an explicitly dated call
+  takes the audit path. **Proven, not asserted: 400 real graded rows resolved
+  both ways gave identical context, identical multiplier and identical
+  p_adjusted — 400/400.**
+- **REFUSAL OVER RECONSTRUCTION.** No row at-or-before `asOf` for an entity ⇒ its
+  factor input is null ⇒ the factor does not apply and the base rate is
+  untouched. NEVER the nearest or latest row: a substituted row is a plausible
+  wrong value wearing a date, and nothing downstream can see it.
+- **`statcast_aggregates` CANNOT answer an as-of question** — it is upserted in
+  place and keeps one date. The dated path reads **`statcast_history`**. Verified
+  equivalent at the head before switching: on 2026-08-09 the two agree on all
+  1,414 rows with **0 differences**, so changing source does not itself move a
+  number. History starts **2026-08-03**; an as-of before that refuses.
+- **Dated-table coverage starts 2026-08-04** (`batter_spray`, `team_defense`,
+  `platoon_splits`). An as-of earlier than that refuses everything — correct, and
+  it means a re-audit cannot reach back past early August no matter how many
+  dates accrue.
+- **`model_snapshots.opponent` is NULL on 100% of settled repaired-champion rows**
+  (0 of 3,064 and 0 of 4,492). `team` is present on ~98%, `archetype` on ~63%.
+  So `defense_by_direction` — one of the two withdrawn PROVES — **cannot be
+  re-audited from the snapshot row alone**; the opponent must come from the
+  player's own game log, as `prove-hit-factors` already does. Spray/platoon/
+  handedness reach 99%; defence reaches 0% without that join.
+- **Archetype is CARRIED, never invented** — no context table holds it; it lives
+  on `model_snapshots.archetype`, so an audit caller supplies it and the resolver
+  passes it through for per-archetype conditioning.
+- `factor-wiring-audit.js` gets the same `asOf` (env `FWA_AS_OF`) and its context
+  walks moved off a NON-UNIQUE prefix order (`player_key`/`team`) onto the real
+  composite key.
+
+## A5 — THE HITS FACTORS NEVER FIRE (the finding) + input freeze
+- **MEASURED 2026-08-10, 596 real graded hits props: ALL THREE hits factors are
+  skipped on 596/596 and the multiplier is exactly 1 every time.** The context
+  loads fine (618 spray players, 31 defence teams, 789 pitcher profiles) and
+  resolves batter-side inputs — spray 590/596, bats 594, platoon 594 — but
+  **`positionOaa` 0, `throws` 0, `pitcherHardHit` 0.**
+- **CAUSE: the two join keys are never set.** `prop.opponent` and
+  `prop.opposing_pitcher` are read by `hitsFactorContext` and written by NOTHING
+  — `oddsNormalizer` never sets them, and `snapshotService` attaches team/opponent
+  AFTER grading (`:500`). `grep opposing_pitcher src/` returns exactly one hit:
+  the line that reads it.
+- **CONSEQUENCE, and it corrects several earlier notes:** no hits factor has ever
+  moved a served `p_win`. So (a) A0/A2's "hitsFactors serves two withdrawn
+  factors plus platoon_severity" is WRONG — they are wired but inert; (b) S94's
+  "PROVEN FACTORS, LOADED BEFORE THE GRADE — this ordering IS the fix" was
+  necessary but NOT sufficient; the ordering was fixed and the join keys were
+  never plumbed; (c) `defense_by_direction` did not "do the thing without
+  recording it" — it never did the thing.
+- **Plumbing the keys WOULD change served grades**, so it is not a bug-fix, it is
+  a model change and needs its own order with a before/after.
+- **`factorFreeze.freeze(ctx, prop)` records INPUTS, never the multiplier**
+  (`model_snapshots.factor_inputs` jsonb, migration 034). A stored multiplier can
+  only be compared to itself; stored inputs re-run through `hitsFactors` via
+  `factorFreeze.recompute()` and get CHECKED. Captured in the same pass that
+  reads the context (`analyzeViaEngine1`), so recorded cannot drift from used.
+- **A separate column, not extra keys in `features`** — `champion-ablation.js`
+  iterates every `features` key for its residual scan, so widening it would
+  silently enlarge that multiple-comparisons denominator.
+- **`available` (team/game_id/game_date) is recorded but NEVER fed to a factor.**
+  It is the evidence a later order needs to measure what plumbing the join keys
+  would change, before changing it.
+- Proven on 496 real rows: frozen == what the factor read (496/496), recompute
+  from frozen == live multiplier (496/496), `p_win` unchanged (496/496).
+- **FORWARD-ONLY.** Rows graded before deploy keep `factor_inputs` NULL and
+  `opponent` NULL; `defense_by_direction` re-audit on them still needs the
+  game-log opponent join. No backfill — that would reconstruct.
+
+## A6 — the join keys, SHADOW (non-obvious)
+- **`matchupKeys.build({sb,getSchedule,gameDate,asOf})`** resolves the two keys
+  the hits factors have always needed: `player -> team` from **`lineup_context`**
+  (as-of dated) and `team -> {opponent, opposing_pitcher}` from
+  `getScheduleWithPitchers`. **At grade time the game has not happened**, so
+  `prove-hit-factors`' game-log source is useless here — the probable pitcher is
+  the only honest pre-game source.
+- **NEVER guess the opponent from the prop.** A prop carries `home_team` and
+  `away_team`, so inferring which side a hitter bats for would be right about
+  half the time and wrong invisibly — and a wrong opponent feeds the defence
+  factor a real team's fielders against the wrong hitter. No lineup row ⇒
+  `refused: 'no_lineup_row'`, no fire.
+- **`hitsFactorContext`'s resolver takes an OPTIONAL third arg `keys`.** Omitted
+  on the live path ⇒ byte-identical to before it existed. Supplied only by the
+  shadow resolve. That is what keeps the served grade frozen while the factors
+  compute.
+- **MEASURED 2026-08-09, 308 hits props:** keys resolved on **248 (80.5%)**, 60
+  refused for no lineup row. Live fire **0/0/0** (unchanged). **Shadow fire:
+  `pitcher_contact_profile` 248, `defense_by_direction` 185,
+  `platoon_severity` 147** — from 0/596 in A5. Would-be multiplier: min 0.803,
+  p25 0.966, **median 1.017**, p75 1.064, max 1.250; **245 of 248 would move the
+  number**. Served p_win identical on every evaluated row; shadow recompute-check
+  248/248.
+- **`factor_inputs.would_fire` stores a multiplier — deliberately breaking A5's
+  inputs-only rule, and only because `shadow_inputs` is stored beside it**, so it
+  stays re-derivable. A number you cannot re-derive is what that rule forbids.
+- **The live frozen inputs still record the refusal** (`position_oaa: null`,
+  `throws: null`) while `would_fire.shadow_inputs` records what it WOULD have
+  seen. Both, side by side, on the same row.
+- A6 is EVIDENCE, not a verdict. The withdrawn factors are still withdrawn; A7
+  (turning them on live) is a model change gated on this evidence plus a re-proof
+  on rows where they actually fire.
+- **Test-window gotcha:** the A5 test sliced a fixed 700 bytes from its marker
+  and A6's insertion pushed the assertion out of the window — a test failing
+  because a neighbour grew. Window to a syntactic landmark, never a byte count.
+
+## A7 — shadow accrual + the pre-registered A8 gate (non-obvious)
+- **`specs/a8-shadow-factor-gate.md` is PRE-REGISTERED and NOT RUN.** Written
+  before any accrual exists, so the decision rule cannot be picked after seeing
+  the answer. It names the fallback out loud: a factor that moves ~80% of the
+  board and does not improve Brier is THEATER, and the correct action is to leave
+  it off — not to re-tune the multiplier until it passes.
+- **A8 is a NEW hypothesis, not a re-test**, and counts fresh against the
+  cumulative Bonferroni denominator. The S87 "re-asking on more data is not a new
+  shot on goal" rule does NOT apply: the old question was "does this improve a
+  reconstructed audit"; the new one is "does the multiplier this factor actually
+  produces, on rows where it actually fires, improve the served forecast".
+- **THE BINDING CONSTRAINT IS CLUSTERS, NOT ROWS.** For all three factors the
+  treatment entity (`player|opponent`, `starter_id`, `player_key`) outnumbers the
+  games, so `factorGate`'s coarser-of rule resolves to `game_id`. Measured:
+  ~925 settled hits rows but only **~10.5 distinct settled GAMES per slate**, so
+  `MIN_N` 500 is met in 1–2 slates and `MIN_CLUSTERS` 40 takes **~4**. Reading
+  the row count alone would have said "ready tomorrow" and been wrong.
+- **A `would_fire` with no settled outcome is NOT evidence.** Complete pairs
+  today: **0** — `factor_inputs` is 0/122,276 because A5/A6 are not deployed.
+  Accrual starts at deploy, not at merge; add a one-day settle lag. **A8 is
+  runnable ≈5 slates after deploy.**
+- **`tests/unit/shadowAccrual.test.js` drives the REAL
+  `gradeAndCacheSlate → onGraded → rowsFromSides` chain** rather than reading
+  code, because A5's whole finding was a factor that was built, correct, and
+  never invoked — evidence that is generated but never persisted is that same
+  failure one layer along. It also asserts the SCHEDULED path (`runSnapshot`
+  builds the key index before the grade call, `runAllSnapshots` routes through
+  it, a key-resolve failure degrades to no-shadow).
+- **Settlement lags the slate**: 2026-08-09/10/11 had 1,438–1,804 graded hits
+  rows and **0 settled** at the time of writing, because snapshot settlement runs
+  on the cron and had last drained through 08-08. Accrual counts must be read off
+  SETTLED rows, never graded ones.
+
 ## Active Skills
 - vyndr-voice (all user-facing output)
 - prop-analysis (grading methodology)
diff --git a/scripts/backfill-context.js b/scripts/backfill-context.js
index 9f76e31..f9a4849 100644
--- a/scripts/backfill-context.js
+++ b/scripts/backfill-context.js
@@ -29,30 +29,45 @@ const { createClient } = require('@supabase/supabase-js');
 const ctx = require('../src/services/lineupContextService');
 const mlb = require('../src/services/adapters/mlbStatsAdapter');
 const { knownNumber } = require('../src/utils/known');
+const { paginate } = require('../src/utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../src/utils/tableKeys');
 
 const SB_URL = process.env.SUPABASE_URL;
 const SB_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY || process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY;
 const SEASON = Number(process.env.BF_SEASON || 2026);
 const PAGE = 1000;
 
-async function page(sb, table, select, apply) {
-  const out = [];
-  for (let from = 0; ; from += PAGE) {
-    const { data, error } = await apply(sb.from(table).select(select)).range(from, from + PAGE - 1);
-    if (error) throw error;
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) break;
-    out.push(...data);
-    if (data.length < PAGE) break;
-  }
-  return out;
+// ── THE SAFE WALK (Fix A2/A2b) ────────────────────────────────────────────
+// This script used to walk pages with `.range()` and NO ORDER BY. Measured on
+// production, that returned the correct row COUNT and the wrong ROWS: up to
+// 33.6% of a read came back twice while an equal share never came back at all,
+// so `rows.length` looked perfect while a fifth of the sample was missing.
+//
+// `pageSafe` routes every read through `src/utils/safePaginate`: a stable ORDER
+// BY on the table's real UNIQUE key — single OR composite, looked up from
+// `src/utils/tableKeys` rather than assumed — a runtime tuple-uniqueness check,
+// and a THROWN error instead of a silent stop. The old unordered helper is gone
+// rather than left beside it, because a dead broken helper is an invitation.
+async function pageSafe(sb, table, select, apply, key = uniqueKeyFor(table)) {
+  return paginate(() => apply(sb.from(table).select(select)),
+    { key, pageSize: PAGE, label: `${table}` });
 }
 
+/** THE MEASURED READS — main() and the harness call the same functions. */
+const READS = {
+  ledger: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries', 'id, player_key, player_name, stat, outcome, quarantine_reason',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).in('stat', ['hits', 'total_bases'])
+      .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss'])),
+  platoonHeld: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'platoon_splits', 'as_of_date, sport, season, player_key',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb')),
+};
+
 async function main() {
   if (!SB_URL || !SB_KEY) throw new Error('SUPABASE_URL / service key required');
   const sb = createClient(SB_URL, SB_KEY, { auth: { persistSession: false } });
 
   // Every hitter who appears on a CLEAN settled row — the true denominator.
-  const led = await page(sb, 'ledger_entries', 'player_key, player_name, stat, outcome, quarantine_reason',
+  const led = await pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries', 'id, player_key, player_name, stat, outcome, quarantine_reason',
     (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).in('stat', ['hits', 'total_bases'])
       .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']));
   const need = new Map();
@@ -61,7 +76,7 @@ async function main() {
     if (!need.has(r.player_key)) need.set(r.player_key, r.player_name);
   }
 
-  const have = new Set((await page(sb, 'platoon_splits', 'player_key', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb')))
+  const have = new Set((await pageSafe(sb, 'platoon_splits', 'as_of_date, sport, season, player_key', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb')))
     .map((r) => r.player_key));
   const missing = [...need.entries()].filter(([k]) => !have.has(k));
 
@@ -100,4 +115,9 @@ async function main() {
   process.exit(0);
 }
 
-main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+if (require.main === module) {
+  main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+}
+
+// Exported so the read-integrity harness measures THE REAL FUNCTION.
+module.exports = { READS: (typeof READS !== 'undefined' ? READS : undefined), READS_LEDGER: (typeof READS_LEDGER !== 'undefined' ? READS_LEDGER : undefined) };
diff --git a/scripts/build-grade-bands.js b/scripts/build-grade-bands.js
index 2b95a74..5f2a6dd 100644
--- a/scripts/build-grade-bands.js
+++ b/scripts/build-grade-bands.js
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ const gb = require('../src/services/model/gradeBands');
 const tl = require('../src/services/model/testLedger');
 const cal = require('../src/services/model/calibration');
 const { knownNumber } = require('../src/utils/known');
+const { paginate } = require('../src/utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../src/utils/tableKeys');
 
 const SB_URL = process.env.SUPABASE_URL;
 const SB_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY || process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY;
@@ -31,29 +33,43 @@ const PAGE = 1000;
  */
 const PROVEN_BY_ARCHETYPE = Object.freeze({});
 
-async function page(sb, table, select, apply) {
-  const out = [];
-  for (let from = 0; ; from += PAGE) {
-    const { data, error } = await apply(sb.from(table).select(select)).range(from, from + PAGE - 1);
-    if (error) throw error;
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) break;
-    out.push(...data);
-    if (data.length < PAGE) break;
-  }
-  return out;
+// ── FIX A2 (2026-08-09) — THE SAFE WALK ───────────────────────────────────
+// `page()` above walks with no ORDER BY. Measured on production, that returned
+// the correct row COUNT and the wrong ROWS: up to 33.6% of a read came back
+// twice while an equal share never came back at all. `pageSafe` routes the same
+// call through `src/utils/safePaginate`, which orders on a UNIQUE key on every
+// page, verifies uniqueness at runtime, and THROWS on a query error instead of
+// treating it as end-of-data.
+//
+// `page()` SURVIVES only for the context tables (statcast_aggregates,
+// batter_spray, team_defense, platoon_splits, park_dimensions, game_context...).
+// Those have COMPOSITE primary keys with no single unique column, so
+// safePaginate cannot express them. They measure 0% corruption today; making
+// them safe needs a composite-key ordering the helper does not yet have. Do not
+// use `page()` for ledger_entries or model_snapshots.
+async function pageSafe(sb, table, select, apply, key = uniqueKeyFor(table)) {
+  return paginate(() => apply(sb.from(table).select(select)),
+    { key, pageSize: PAGE, label: `${table}` });
 }
 
+/** THE MEASURED READS — main() and the harness call the same functions. */
+const READS = {
+  snaps: (sb, stat = STAT) => pageSafe(sb, 'model_snapshots', 'id, player_key, game_date, archetype, stat',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').eq('stat', stat).not('archetype', 'is', null)),
+  ledger: (sb, stat = STAT) => pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries',
+    'id, player_key, game_date, outcome, p_win, quarantine_reason',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).eq('stat', stat)
+      .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null)),
+};
+
 async function main() {
   const sb = createClient(SB_URL, SB_KEY, { auth: { persistSession: false } });
 
-  const snaps = await page(sb, 'model_snapshots', 'player_key, game_date, archetype, stat',
-    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').eq('stat', STAT).not('archetype', 'is', null));
+  const snaps = await READS.snaps(sb);
   const archOf = new Map();
   for (const s of snaps) archOf.set(`${s.player_key}|${s.game_date}`, s.archetype);
 
-  const led = await page(sb, 'ledger_entries', 'player_key, game_date, outcome, p_win, quarantine_reason',
-    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).eq('stat', STAT)
-      .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null));
+  const led = await READS.ledger(sb);
   const clean = led.filter((r) => !(r.quarantine_reason || '').startsWith('nontakeable_book'));
 
   const byArch = new Map();
@@ -97,4 +113,9 @@ async function main() {
   process.exit(0);
 }
 
-main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+if (require.main === module) {
+  main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+}
+
+// Exported so the read-integrity harness measures THE REAL FUNCTION.
+module.exports = { READS };
diff --git a/scripts/calibrate-hits.js b/scripts/calibrate-hits.js
index cb13cac..aeeb2c6 100644
--- a/scripts/calibrate-hits.js
+++ b/scripts/calibrate-hits.js
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@
 require('dotenv').config();
 const { createClient } = require('@supabase/supabase-js');
 const cal = require('../src/services/model/calibration');
+const { paginate } = require('../src/utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../src/utils/tableKeys');
 
 const SB_URL = process.env.SUPABASE_URL;
 const SB_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY || process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY;
@@ -37,19 +39,24 @@ const PAGE = 1000;
 
 const r3 = (v) => (v == null || !Number.isFinite(v) ? null : Math.round(v * 1000) / 1000);
 
-async function page(sb, apply) {
-  const out = [];
-  for (let from = 0; ; from += PAGE) {
-    const { data, error } = await apply(sb.from('ledger_entries')
-      .select('p_win, outcome, game_date, quarantine_reason')).range(from, from + PAGE - 1);
-    if (error) throw error;
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) break;
-    out.push(...data);
-    if (data.length < PAGE) break;
-  }
-  return out;
+// ── THE SAFE WALK (Fix A2b) ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+// This walked pages with no ORDER BY and measured 24.7% corrupt on production —
+// 616 of 2,490 rows returned twice, an equal share never returned — while
+// `rows.length` matched the server count exactly. It fits the calibration
+// reliability curve, so a fifth of the history was double-weighted and another
+// fifth absent from every bin.
+async function pageSafe(sb, apply) {
+  return paginate(() => apply(sb.from('ledger_entries')
+    .select('id, p_win, outcome, game_date, quarantine_reason')),
+  { key: uniqueKeyFor('ledger_entries'), pageSize: PAGE, label: 'calibrate-hits' });
 }
 
+/** THE MEASURED READ — main() and the harness call the same function. */
+const READS = {
+  ledger: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).eq('stat', 'hits')
+    .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null)),
+};
+
 /** Reliability rendered per bin with n — the only honest way to read this. */
 function curve(rows, label) {
   return cal.reliability(rows, 10)
@@ -67,8 +74,7 @@ async function main() {
   if (!SB_URL || !SB_KEY) throw new Error('SUPABASE_URL / service key required');
   const sb = createClient(SB_URL, SB_KEY, { auth: { persistSession: false } });
 
-  const raw = await page(sb, (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null)
-    .eq('stat', 'hits').in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null));
+  const raw = await READS.ledger(sb);
   const all = raw
     .filter((r) => !(r.quarantine_reason || '').startsWith('nontakeable_book'))
     .map((r) => ({ p: Number(r.p_win), won: r.outcome === 'hit' ? 1 : 0, d: String(r.game_date) }));
@@ -133,4 +139,10 @@ async function main() {
   process.exit(0);
 }
 
-main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+if (require.main === module) {
+  main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+}
+
+// Exported so the read-integrity harness measures THE REAL FUNCTION.
+module.exports = { READS };
+
diff --git a/scripts/champion-ablation.js b/scripts/champion-ablation.js
index b349148..0c1af91 100644
--- a/scripts/champion-ablation.js
+++ b/scripts/champion-ablation.js
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@
 
 require('dotenv').config();
 const { createClient } = require('@supabase/supabase-js');
+const { paginate } = require('../src/utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../src/utils/tableKeys');
 
 const SB_URL = process.env.SUPABASE_URL;
 const SB_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY || process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY;
@@ -143,20 +145,39 @@ function bootstrapCorr(rows, key, seed = 20260804, iters = 3000) {
   };
 }
 
-async function page(sb, table, select, apply) {
-  const out = [];
-  for (let from = 0; ; from += PAGE) {
-    let q = sb.from(table).select(select);
-    q = apply(q).range(from, from + PAGE - 1);
-    const { data, error } = await q;
-    if (error) throw error;
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) break;
-    out.push(...data);
-    if (data.length < PAGE) break;
-  }
-  return out;
+// ── FIX A2 (2026-08-09) — THE SAFE WALK ───────────────────────────────────
+// `page()` above walks with no ORDER BY. Measured on production, that returned
+// the correct row COUNT and the wrong ROWS: up to 33.6% of a read came back
+// twice while an equal share never came back at all. `pageSafe` routes the same
+// call through `src/utils/safePaginate`, which orders on a UNIQUE key on every
+// page, verifies uniqueness at runtime, and THROWS on a query error instead of
+// treating it as end-of-data.
+//
+// `page()` SURVIVES only for the context tables (statcast_aggregates,
+// batter_spray, team_defense, platoon_splits, park_dimensions, game_context...).
+// Those have COMPOSITE primary keys with no single unique column, so
+// safePaginate cannot express them. They measure 0% corruption today; making
+// them safe needs a composite-key ordering the helper does not yet have. Do not
+// use `page()` for ledger_entries or model_snapshots.
+async function pageSafe(sb, table, select, apply, key = uniqueKeyFor(table)) {
+  return paginate(() => apply(sb.from(table).select(select)),
+    { key, pageSize: PAGE, label: `${table}` });
 }
 
+/** THE MEASURED READS — main() and the harness call the same functions. */
+const READS_LEDGER = {
+  ledger: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries',
+    'id, player_key, stat, line, side, game_date, outcome, quarantine_reason',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss'])),
+};
+
+/** THE MEASURED READS — main() and the harness call the same functions. */
+const READS = {
+  snaps: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'model_snapshots',
+    'id, player_key, stat, line, side, game_date, p_win, features, quarantine_reason, captured_at, archetype',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').not('p_win', 'is', null).not('features', 'is', null)),
+};
+
 const propKey = (r) => `${r.player_key}|${r.stat}|${Number(r.line)}|${String(r.side).toLowerCase()}|${r.game_date}`;
 
 /**
@@ -170,10 +191,8 @@ const propKey = (r) => `${r.player_key}|${r.stat}|${Number(r.line)}|${String(r.s
  * this run is read-only.
  */
 async function fetchAll(sb) {
-  const snaps = await page(sb, 'model_snapshots',
-    'player_key, stat, line, side, game_date, p_win, features, quarantine_reason, captured_at, archetype',
-    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').not('p_win', 'is', null).not('features', 'is', null));
-  const led = await page(sb, 'ledger_entries', 'player_key, stat, line, side, game_date, outcome, quarantine_reason',
+  const snaps = await READS.snaps(sb);
+  const led = await pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries', 'id, player_key, stat, line, side, game_date, outcome, quarantine_reason',
     (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']));
 
   const outcomeBy = new Map();
@@ -371,4 +390,9 @@ async function main() {
   process.exit(0);
 }
 
-main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+if (require.main === module) {
+  main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+}
+
+// Exported so the read-integrity harness measures THE REAL FUNCTION.
+module.exports = { READS, READS_LEDGER };
diff --git a/scripts/cluster-prove.js b/scripts/cluster-prove.js
index f5321bf..a7fc835 100644
--- a/scripts/cluster-prove.js
+++ b/scripts/cluster-prove.js
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ const sk = require('../src/services/model/skillProjection');
 const reg = require('../src/services/model/featureRegistry');
 const mlb = require('../src/services/adapters/mlbStatsAdapter');
 const { knownRate, knownNumber } = require('../src/utils/known');
+const { paginate } = require('../src/utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../src/utils/tableKeys');
 
 const SB_URL = process.env.SUPABASE_URL;
 const SB_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY || process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY;
@@ -156,18 +158,35 @@ function bootstrapDiff(rows, keyA, keyB, iters = 4000, seed = 20260804) {
   };
 }
 
-async function page(sb, table, select, apply) {
-  const out = [];
-  for (let from = 0; ; from += PAGE) {
-    const { data, error } = await apply(sb.from(table).select(select)).range(from, from + PAGE - 1);
-    if (error) throw error;
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) break;
-    out.push(...data);
-    if (data.length < PAGE) break;
-  }
-  return out;
+// ── FIX A2 (2026-08-09) — THE SAFE WALK ───────────────────────────────────
+// `page()` above walks with no ORDER BY. Measured on production, that returned
+// the correct row COUNT and the wrong ROWS: up to 33.6% of a read came back
+// twice while an equal share never came back at all. `pageSafe` routes the same
+// call through `src/utils/safePaginate`, which orders on a UNIQUE key on every
+// page, verifies uniqueness at runtime, and THROWS on a query error instead of
+// treating it as end-of-data.
+//
+// `page()` SURVIVES only for the context tables (statcast_aggregates,
+// batter_spray, team_defense, platoon_splits, park_dimensions, game_context...).
+// Those have COMPOSITE primary keys with no single unique column, so
+// safePaginate cannot express them. They measure 0% corruption today; making
+// them safe needs a composite-key ordering the helper does not yet have. Do not
+// use `page()` for ledger_entries or model_snapshots.
+async function pageSafe(sb, table, select, apply, key = uniqueKeyFor(table)) {
+  return paginate(() => apply(sb.from(table).select(select)),
+    { key, pageSize: PAGE, label: `${table}` });
 }
 
+/** THE MEASURED READS — main() and the harness call the same functions. */
+const READS = {
+  snaps: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'model_snapshots', 'id, player_key, game_date, archetype',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').eq('stat', STAT).not('archetype', 'is', null)),
+  ledger: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries',
+    'id, player_key, player_name, stat, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, quarantine_reason',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).eq('stat', STAT)
+      .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null)),
+};
+
 async function opposingStarters(dates) {
   const m = new Map();
   for (const d of dates) {
@@ -305,7 +324,7 @@ async function main() {
   if (!SB_URL || !SB_KEY) throw new Error('SUPABASE_URL / service key required');
   const sb = createClient(SB_URL, SB_KEY, { auth: { persistSession: false } });
 
-  const statcast = await page(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
+  const statcast = await pageSafe(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
   const freezeDate = statcast.reduce((mx, r) => (String(r.updated_at) > mx ? String(r.updated_at) : mx), '').slice(0, 10);
   const batters = new Map(); const pitchersById = new Map();
   for (const r of statcast) {
@@ -329,15 +348,11 @@ async function main() {
   // model_snapshots carries the actual classification per prop, so the
   // conditioning variable is now a genuine BOMBER indicator, which is
   // categorical and therefore not a transform of barrel at all.
-  const snaps = await page(sb, 'model_snapshots', 'player_key, game_date, archetype',
-    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').eq('stat', STAT).not('archetype', 'is', null));
+  const snaps = await READS.snaps(sb);
   const archetypeBy = new Map();
   for (const r of snaps) if (r.player_key && r.game_date) archetypeBy.set(`${r.player_key}|${r.game_date}`, r.archetype);
 
-  const led = await page(sb, 'ledger_entries',
-    'player_key, player_name, stat, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, quarantine_reason',
-    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).eq('stat', STAT)
-      .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null));
+  const led = await READS.ledger(sb);
   // POINT-IN-TIME IS NO LONGER AVAILABLE FROM THIS TABLE.
   //
   // `statcast_aggregates` is upserted in place and keeps one as-of date. The
@@ -369,7 +384,7 @@ async function main() {
     console.error(`[debug] matches in sample=${sampleKeys.filter((k) => batters.has(k)).length}/5`);
   }
   // TEAM DEFENCE — the newly-ingested Statcast OAA, per team, dated.
-  const defRows = await page(sb, 'team_defense', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
+  const defRows = await pageSafe(sb, 'team_defense', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
   const defByTeam = new Map();
   for (const d of defRows) {
     const prev = defByTeam.get(d.team);
@@ -550,4 +565,9 @@ async function main() {
   process.exit(0);
 }
 
-main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+if (require.main === module) {
+  main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+}
+
+// Exported so the read-integrity harness measures THE REAL FUNCTION.
+module.exports = { READS };
diff --git a/scripts/factor-wiring-audit.js b/scripts/factor-wiring-audit.js
index 12a7879..7fa8018 100644
--- a/scripts/factor-wiring-audit.js
+++ b/scripts/factor-wiring-audit.js
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 require('dotenv').config();
 const fs = require('fs');
 const path = require('path');
+const { paginate } = require('../src/utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../src/utils/tableKeys');
 const { createClient } = require('@supabase/supabase-js');
 const hf = require('../src/services/model/hitsFactors');
 const lp = require('../src/services/model/lowParamCalibrator');
@@ -22,15 +24,25 @@ const BOX = path.join(process.cwd(), '.seq-cache', 'batting-lines.json');
 const SEQ = path.join(process.cwd(), '.seq-cache', 'sequences.json');
 const mean = (xs) => (xs.length ? xs.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / xs.length : null);
 
-async function page(sb, t, s, f, orderBy = 'id') {
-  const o = [];
-  for (let i = 0; ; i += 1000) {
-    const { data, error } = await f(sb.from(t).select(s)).order(orderBy, { ascending: true }).range(i, i + 999);
-    if (error) throw new Error(`${t}: ${error.message}`);
-    if (!data || !data.length) break; o.push(...data); if (data.length < 1000) break;
-  }
-  return o;
+// FIX A4 — the context walks here ordered by a NON-UNIQUE prefix
+// ('player_key' / 'team'), which leaves the trailing key columns tied and lets
+// pages overlap. They now order by the table's real unique tuple.
+async function page(sb, t, s, f, key) {
+  return paginate(() => f(sb.from(t).select(s)),
+    { key: key || uniqueKeyFor(t), pageSize: 1000, label: `factor-wiring-audit:${t}` });
 }
+
+/**
+ * AS-OF. `FWA_AS_OF=YYYY-MM-DD` bounds every dated context table to rows at or
+ * before that date, so an audit of a past slate cannot join a profile built from
+ * games played after it. Unset = today = the live read, unchanged.
+ *
+ * REFUSAL OVER RECONSTRUCTION: an entity with no row at or before the cutoff is
+ * simply absent from the index, so its factor does not apply. Never the nearest
+ * row — a substituted row is a plausible wrong value wearing a date.
+ */
+const AS_OF = process.env.FWA_AS_OF || null;
+const dated = (q) => (AS_OF ? q.lte('as_of_date', AS_OF) : q);
 const isPreGame = (c, g) => {
   const et = new Date(new Date(c).getTime() - 4 * 3600 * 1000);
   const d = et.toISOString().slice(0, 10);
@@ -59,15 +71,33 @@ function decompose(rows, bins = 10) {
 
   // Factor inputs.
   const [spray, defense, platoon, statcast] = await Promise.all([
-    page(sb, 'batter_spray', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'), 'player_key'),
-    page(sb, 'team_defense', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'), 'team'),
-    page(sb, 'platoon_splits', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'), 'player_key'),
-    page(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', 'player_key, role, bats, throws, hard_hit_pct', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'), 'player_key'),
+    page(sb, 'batter_spray', '*', (q) => dated(q.eq('sport', 'mlb'))),
+    page(sb, 'team_defense', '*', (q) => dated(q.eq('sport', 'mlb'))),
+    page(sb, 'platoon_splits', '*', (q) => dated(q.eq('sport', 'mlb'))),
+    // `statcast_aggregates` keeps ONE as-of date, so it cannot answer an as-of
+    // question; the dated path reads the retained history instead.
+    AS_OF
+      ? page(sb, 'statcast_history', 'player_key, source_id, role, bats, throws, hard_hit_pct, as_of_date',
+        (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').lte('as_of_date', AS_OF))
+      : page(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', 'player_key, source_id, role, bats, throws, hard_hit_pct',
+        (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb')),
   ]);
   const latest = (rows, k) => { const m = new Map(); for (const r of rows) { const key = r[k]; if (!key) continue; const p = m.get(key); if (!p || String(r.as_of_date) > String(p.as_of_date)) m.set(key, r); } return m; };
   const sprayBy = latest(spray, 'player_key'); const defBy = latest(defense, 'team'); const platBy = latest(platoon, 'player_key');
   const batBy = new Map(); const pitBy = new Map();
-  for (const r of statcast) { if (!r.player_key) continue; (r.role === 'pitcher' ? pitBy : batBy).set(r.player_key, r); }
+  // On the dated path several as-of rows per player are in scope; collapse to
+  // the latest WITHIN the bound, keyed on (source_id, role) so a two-way player
+  // keeps both profiles. No-op on the live path (one row per player).
+  const statcastLatest = AS_OF ? (() => {
+    const m = new Map();
+    for (const r of statcast) {
+      const k = `${r.source_id}|${r.role}`;
+      const prev = m.get(k);
+      if (!prev || String(r.as_of_date) > String(prev.as_of_date)) m.set(k, r);
+    }
+    return [...m.values()];
+  })() : statcast;
+  for (const r of statcastLatest) { if (!r.player_key) continue; (r.role === 'pitcher' ? pitBy : batBy).set(r.player_key, r); }
   const frac = (v) => { const n = knownNumber(v); return n === null ? null : (n > 1 ? n / 100 : n); };
 
   // Opponent + starter per (player,date) from the sequence cache.
diff --git a/scripts/pitcher-prove-k.js b/scripts/pitcher-prove-k.js
index 75d444e..782d661 100644
--- a/scripts/pitcher-prove-k.js
+++ b/scripts/pitcher-prove-k.js
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ const pe = require('../src/services/model/pitcherEngine');
 const sk = require('../src/services/model/skillProjection');
 const mlb = require('../src/services/adapters/mlbStatsAdapter');
 const { knownRate, knownNumber } = require('../src/utils/known');
+const { paginate } = require('../src/utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../src/utils/tableKeys');
 
 const SB_URL = process.env.SUPABASE_URL;
 const SB_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY || process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY;
@@ -86,17 +88,30 @@ function bootstrapDiff(rows, kA, kB, iters = 4000, seed = 20260805) {
   const ci = [q(0.025), q(0.975)];
   return { point: r4(cv.pearson(rows.map((r) => r[kA]), rows.map((r) => r.won)).r - cv.pearson(rows.map((r) => r[kB]), rows.map((r) => r.won)).r), ci95: ci, ci_excludes_zero: ci[0] > 0 || ci[1] < 0 };
 }
-async function page(sb, table, select, apply) {
-  const out = [];
-  for (let from = 0; ; from += PAGE) {
-    const { data, error } = await apply(sb.from(table).select(select)).range(from, from + PAGE - 1);
-    if (error) throw error;
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) break;
-    out.push(...data); if (data.length < PAGE) break;
-  }
-  return out;
+// ── THE SAFE WALK (Fix A2/A2b) ────────────────────────────────────────────
+// This script used to walk pages with `.range()` and NO ORDER BY. Measured on
+// production, that returned the correct row COUNT and the wrong ROWS: up to
+// 33.6% of a read came back twice while an equal share never came back at all,
+// so `rows.length` looked perfect while a fifth of the sample was missing.
+//
+// `pageSafe` routes every read through `src/utils/safePaginate`: a stable ORDER
+// BY on the table's real UNIQUE key — single OR composite, looked up from
+// `src/utils/tableKeys` rather than assumed — a runtime tuple-uniqueness check,
+// and a THROWN error instead of a silent stop. The old unordered helper is gone
+// rather than left beside it, because a dead broken helper is an invitation.
+async function pageSafe(sb, table, select, apply, key = uniqueKeyFor(table)) {
+  return paginate(() => apply(sb.from(table).select(select)),
+    { key, pageSize: PAGE, label: `${table}` });
 }
 
+/** THE MEASURED READS — main() and the harness call the same functions. */
+const READS = {
+  ledger: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries',
+    'id, player_key, player_name, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, quarantine_reason, game_id',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).eq('stat', 'strikeouts')
+      .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null)),
+};
+
 const SOLO = ['pitcher_whiff_pct', 'pitcher_k_pct', 'pitcher_chase_pct', 'pitcher_gb_pct',
   'pitcher_arm_angle', 'opposing_lineup_k_rate'];
 
@@ -125,7 +140,7 @@ async function main() {
   if (!SB_URL || !SB_KEY) throw new Error('SUPABASE_URL / service key required');
   const sb = createClient(SB_URL, SB_KEY, { auth: { persistSession: false } });
 
-  const statcast = await page(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
+  const statcast = await pageSafe(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
   const freezeDate = statcast.reduce((mx, r) => (String(r.updated_at) > mx ? String(r.updated_at) : mx), '').slice(0, 10);
   const pitchByKey = new Map(); const batterByKey = new Map();
   for (const r of statcast) {
@@ -134,8 +149,8 @@ async function main() {
     if (r.role === 'batter' && r.player_key) batterByKey.set(r.player_key, prof);
   }
 
-  const led = await page(sb, 'ledger_entries',
-    'player_key, player_name, stat, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, quarantine_reason',
+  const led = await pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries',
+    'id, player_key, player_name, stat, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, quarantine_reason',
     (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).eq('stat', 'strikeouts')
       .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null));
   const clean = led.filter((r) => !(r.quarantine_reason || '').startsWith('nontakeable_book'));
@@ -357,4 +372,9 @@ async function main() {
   process.exit(0);
 }
 
-main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+if (require.main === module) {
+  main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+}
+
+// Exported so the read-integrity harness measures THE REAL FUNCTION.
+module.exports = { READS };
diff --git a/scripts/prove-hit-factors.js b/scripts/prove-hit-factors.js
index fa25cea..974a0c6 100644
--- a/scripts/prove-hit-factors.js
+++ b/scripts/prove-hit-factors.js
@@ -27,24 +27,53 @@ const { knownNumber, knownRate } = require('../src/utils/known');
 const { nameKey } = require('../src/utils/playerName');
 const sd = require('../src/services/model/sprayDefense');
 const pss = require('../src/services/model/platoonSeverity');
+const { paginate } = require('../src/utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../src/utils/tableKeys');
 
 const SB_URL = process.env.SUPABASE_URL;
 const SB_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY || process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY;
 const PAGE = 1000;
 const ARCHS = (process.env.HF_ARCHETYPES || 'BOMBER,GHOST,ALL').split(',');
 
-async function page(sb, table, select, apply) {
-  const out = [];
-  for (let from = 0; ; from += PAGE) {
-    const { data, error } = await apply(sb.from(table).select(select)).range(from, from + PAGE - 1);
-    if (error) throw error;
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) break;
-    out.push(...data);
-    if (data.length < PAGE) break;
-  }
-  return out;
+// ── FIX A2 (2026-08-09) — THE SAFE WALK ───────────────────────────────────
+// `page()` above walks with no ORDER BY. Measured on production, that returned
+// the correct row COUNT and the wrong ROWS: up to 33.6% of a read came back
+// twice while an equal share never came back at all. `pageSafe` routes the same
+// call through `src/utils/safePaginate`, which orders on a UNIQUE key on every
+// page, verifies uniqueness at runtime, and THROWS on a query error instead of
+// treating it as end-of-data.
+//
+// `page()` SURVIVES only for the context tables (statcast_aggregates,
+// batter_spray, team_defense, platoon_splits, park_dimensions, game_context...).
+// Those have COMPOSITE primary keys with no single unique column, so
+// safePaginate cannot express them. They measure 0% corruption today; making
+// them safe needs a composite-key ordering the helper does not yet have. Do not
+// use `page()` for ledger_entries or model_snapshots.
+async function pageSafe(sb, table, select, apply, key = uniqueKeyFor(table)) {
+  return paginate(() => apply(sb.from(table).select(select)),
+    { key, pageSize: PAGE, label: `${table}` });
 }
 
+/**
+ * THE MEASURED READS, named once.
+ *
+ * `main()` calls these and so does the read-integrity harness, so a PASS there
+ * is a statement about the code that actually runs. A registry that restated
+ * the query would verify the restatement instead.
+ */
+const READS = {
+  statcast: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb')),
+  spray: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'batter_spray', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb')),
+  platoon: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'platoon_splits', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb')),
+  defense: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'team_defense', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb')),
+  snaps: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'model_snapshots', 'id, player_key, game_date, archetype, stat',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').eq('stat', 'hits').not('archetype', 'is', null)),
+  ledger: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries',
+    'id, game_id, player_key, player_name, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, quarantine_reason, env_park_base',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).eq('stat', 'hits')
+      .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null)),
+};
+
 /**
  * THE FACTORS. Each returns a MULTIPLIER on the base rate, or null when the
  * input is absent — an absent factor must leave the baseline untouched rather
@@ -101,14 +130,14 @@ async function main() {
   if (!SB_URL || !SB_KEY) throw new Error('SUPABASE_URL / service key required');
   const sb = createClient(SB_URL, SB_KEY, { auth: { persistSession: false } });
 
-  const statcast = await page(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
+  const statcast = await pageSafe(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
   const batters = new Map(); const pitchersById = new Map();
   for (const r of statcast) {
     const prof = sk.fromStatcastRow(r);
     if (r.role === 'pitcher' && r.source_id != null) pitchersById.set(Number(r.source_id), prof);
     if (r.role === 'batter' && r.player_key) batters.set(r.player_key, prof);
   }
-  const sprayRows = await page(sb, 'batter_spray', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
+  const sprayRows = await pageSafe(sb, 'batter_spray', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
   const sprayByKey = new Map();
   for (const r of sprayRows) {
     if (!r.player_key) continue;
@@ -116,7 +145,7 @@ async function main() {
     if (!prev || String(r.as_of_date) > String(prev.as_of_date)) sprayByKey.set(r.player_key, r);
   }
 
-  const platRows = await page(sb, 'platoon_splits', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
+  const platRows = await pageSafe(sb, 'platoon_splits', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
   const platByKey = new Map();
   for (const r of platRows) {
     if (!r.player_key) continue;
@@ -124,19 +153,15 @@ async function main() {
     if (!prev || String(r.as_of_date) > String(prev.as_of_date)) platByKey.set(r.player_key, r);
   }
 
-  const defRows = await page(sb, 'team_defense', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
+  const defRows = await pageSafe(sb, 'team_defense', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
   const defByTeam = new Map();
   for (const d of defRows) defByTeam.set(d.team, d);
 
-  const snaps = await page(sb, 'model_snapshots', 'player_key, game_date, archetype, stat',
-    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').eq('stat', 'hits').not('archetype', 'is', null));
+  const snaps = await READS.snaps(sb);
   const archOf = new Map();
   for (const s of snaps) archOf.set(`${s.player_key}|${s.game_date}`, s.archetype);
 
-  const led = await page(sb, 'ledger_entries',
-    'id, game_id, player_key, player_name, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, quarantine_reason, env_park_base',
-    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).eq('stat', 'hits')
-      .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null));
+  const led = await READS.ledger(sb);
   const clean = led.filter((r) => !(r.quarantine_reason || '').startsWith('nontakeable_book'));
 
   // Opponent faced, from each hitter's own game log.
@@ -308,4 +333,9 @@ async function main() {
   process.exit(0);
 }
 
-main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+if (require.main === module) {
+  main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+}
+
+// Exported so the read-integrity harness measures THE REAL FUNCTION.
+module.exports = { READS };
diff --git a/scripts/prove-park-weather.js b/scripts/prove-park-weather.js
index 713a424..c46a2ed 100644
--- a/scripts/prove-park-weather.js
+++ b/scripts/prove-park-weather.js
@@ -20,39 +20,53 @@ const pw = require('../src/services/model/parkWeather');
 const fg = require('../src/services/model/factorGate');
 const tl = require('../src/services/model/testLedger');
 const { knownNumber } = require('../src/utils/known');
+const { paginate } = require('../src/utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../src/utils/tableKeys');
 
 const SB_URL = process.env.SUPABASE_URL;
 const SB_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY || process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY;
 const PAGE = 1000;
 
-async function page(sb, table, select, apply) {
-  const out = [];
-  for (let from = 0; ; from += PAGE) {
-    const { data, error } = await apply(sb.from(table).select(select)).range(from, from + PAGE - 1);
-    if (error) throw error;
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) break;
-    out.push(...data);
-    if (data.length < PAGE) break;
-  }
-  return out;
+// ── THE SAFE WALK (Fix A2/A2b) ────────────────────────────────────────────
+// This script used to walk pages with `.range()` and NO ORDER BY. Measured on
+// production, that returned the correct row COUNT and the wrong ROWS: up to
+// 33.6% of a read came back twice while an equal share never came back at all,
+// so `rows.length` looked perfect while a fifth of the sample was missing.
+//
+// `pageSafe` routes every read through `src/utils/safePaginate`: a stable ORDER
+// BY on the table's real UNIQUE key — single OR composite, looked up from
+// `src/utils/tableKeys` rather than assumed — a runtime tuple-uniqueness check,
+// and a THROWN error instead of a silent stop. The old unordered helper is gone
+// rather than left beside it, because a dead broken helper is an invitation.
+async function pageSafe(sb, table, select, apply, key = uniqueKeyFor(table)) {
+  return paginate(() => apply(sb.from(table).select(select)),
+    { key, pageSize: PAGE, label: `${table}` });
 }
 
+/** THE MEASURED READS — main() and the harness call the same functions. */
+const READS = {
+  ledger: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries',
+    'id, game_id, player_key, player_name, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, quarantine_reason',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).eq('stat', 'total_bases')
+      .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss'])),
+};
+
 /** Hit-type shares → expected total bases, so a reshape has a consequence. */
 const tbFromShares = (s) => s.single + 2 * s.double + 3 * s.triple + 4 * s.home_run;
 
 async function main() {
   const sb = createClient(SB_URL, SB_KEY, { auth: { persistSession: false } });
 
-  const parks = await page(sb, 'park_dimensions', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
+  const parks = await pageSafe(sb, 'park_dimensions', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
   const byVenue = new Map();
   for (const p of parks) if (!byVenue.has(p.venue_id)) byVenue.set(p.venue_id, p);
   const league = pw.leagueGeometry([...byVenue.values()]);
 
-  const ctx = await page(sb, 'game_context', 'game_id, venue_id, wx_temp_f, wx_wind_speed_mph, wx_wind_direction_deg', (q) => q);
+  const ctx = await pageSafe(sb, 'game_context', 'game_id, venue_id, wx_temp_f, wx_wind_speed_mph, wx_wind_direction_deg', (q) => q);
   const ctxBy = new Map(ctx.map((c) => [c.game_id, c]));
 
-  const led = await page(sb, 'ledger_entries',
-    'game_id, game_date, player_key, stat, line, side, outcome, quarantine_reason, p_win, proj_hits_p_over',
+  const led = await pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries',
+    'id, game_id, game_date, player_key, stat, line, side, outcome, quarantine_reason, p_win, proj_hits_p_over',
     (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).eq('stat', 'total_bases').in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']));
   const clean = led.filter((r) => !(r.quarantine_reason || '').startsWith('nontakeable_book'));
 
@@ -118,4 +132,9 @@ async function main() {
   process.exit(0);
 }
 
-main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+if (require.main === module) {
+  main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+}
+
+// Exported so the read-integrity harness measures THE REAL FUNCTION.
+module.exports = { READS };
diff --git a/scripts/prove-runs-rbi.js b/scripts/prove-runs-rbi.js
index af8e248..ed16540 100644
--- a/scripts/prove-runs-rbi.js
+++ b/scripts/prove-runs-rbi.js
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ const tl = require('../src/services/model/testLedger');
 const sk = require('../src/services/model/skillProjection');
 const { knownNumber, knownRate } = require('../src/utils/known');
 const { nameKey } = require('../src/utils/playerName');
+const { paginate } = require('../src/utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../src/utils/tableKeys');
 
 const SB_URL = process.env.SUPABASE_URL;
 const SB_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY || process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY;
@@ -52,18 +54,27 @@ const PA_EVENT = new Set([...HIT, 'field_out', 'strikeout', 'grounded_into_doubl
 
 const mean = (xs) => (xs.length ? xs.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / xs.length : null);
 
-async function page(sb, table, select, apply) {
-  const out = [];
-  for (let from = 0; ; from += PAGE) {
-    const { data, error } = await apply(sb.from(table).select(select)).range(from, from + PAGE - 1);
-    if (error) throw error;
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) break;
-    out.push(...data);
-    if (data.length < PAGE) break;
-  }
-  return out;
+// ── THE SAFE WALK (Fix A2/A2b) ────────────────────────────────────────────
+// This script used to walk pages with `.range()` and NO ORDER BY. Measured on
+// production, that returned the correct row COUNT and the wrong ROWS: up to
+// 33.6% of a read came back twice while an equal share never came back at all,
+// so `rows.length` looked perfect while a fifth of the sample was missing.
+//
+// `pageSafe` routes every read through `src/utils/safePaginate`: a stable ORDER
+// BY on the table's real UNIQUE key — single OR composite, looked up from
+// `src/utils/tableKeys` rather than assumed — a runtime tuple-uniqueness check,
+// and a THROWN error instead of a silent stop. The old unordered helper is gone
+// rather than left beside it, because a dead broken helper is an invitation.
+async function pageSafe(sb, table, select, apply, key = uniqueKeyFor(table)) {
+  return paginate(() => apply(sb.from(table).select(select)),
+    { key, pageSize: PAGE, label: `${table}` });
 }
 
+/** THE MEASURED READS — main() and the harness call the same functions. */
+const READS = {
+  opportunity: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'hitter_opportunity', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb')),
+};
+
 /**
  * Reconstruct, point-in-time, from play-by-play:
  *   order[date|nameKey]      the hitter's batting slot that game
@@ -170,7 +181,7 @@ const FACTORS = {
 async function main() {
   const sb = createClient(SB_URL, SB_KEY, { auth: { persistSession: false } });
 
-  const statcast = await page(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').eq('role', 'batter'));
+  const statcast = await pageSafe(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').eq('role', 'batter'));
   const batByKey = new Map();
   const barrelByKey = new Map();
   for (const r of statcast) {
@@ -180,7 +191,7 @@ async function main() {
     if (prof.barrel_pct != null) barrelByKey.set(r.player_key, prof.barrel_pct);
   }
 
-  const oppRows = await page(sb, 'hitter_opportunity', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
+  const oppRows = await pageSafe(sb, 'hitter_opportunity', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
   const oppByKey = new Map();
   for (const r of oppRows) {
     const prev = oppByKey.get(r.player_key);
@@ -192,12 +203,12 @@ async function main() {
   const out = { generated_note: 'null is the ARCHETYPE base rate, leave-one-out' };
 
   for (const stat of ['rbi', 'runs']) {
-    const snaps = await page(sb, 'model_snapshots', 'player_key, game_date, archetype',
+    const snaps = await pageSafe(sb, 'model_snapshots', 'id, player_key, game_date, archetype',
       (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').eq('stat', stat).not('archetype', 'is', null));
     const archOf = new Map();
     for (const s of snaps) archOf.set(`${s.player_key}|${s.game_date}`, s.archetype);
 
-    const led = await page(sb, 'ledger_entries',
+    const led = await pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries',
       'id, game_id, player_key, player_name, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, quarantine_reason',
       (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).eq('stat', stat).in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']));
     const clean = led.filter((r) => !(r.quarantine_reason || '').startsWith('nontakeable_book')
@@ -298,4 +309,9 @@ async function main() {
   process.exit(0);
 }
 
-main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+if (require.main === module) {
+  main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+}
+
+// Exported so the read-integrity harness measures THE REAL FUNCTION.
+module.exports = { READS: (typeof READS !== 'undefined' ? READS : undefined), READS_LEDGER: (typeof READS_LEDGER !== 'undefined' ? READS_LEDGER : undefined) };
diff --git a/scripts/prove-tb-factors.js b/scripts/prove-tb-factors.js
index 3120e45..26aef20 100644
--- a/scripts/prove-tb-factors.js
+++ b/scripts/prove-tb-factors.js
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ const { nameKey } = require('../src/utils/playerName');
 const sd = require('../src/services/model/sprayDefense');
 const pss = require('../src/services/model/platoonSeverity');
 const pw = require('../src/services/model/parkWeather');
+const { paginate } = require('../src/utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../src/utils/tableKeys');
 
 /** League-typical hit-type shares; the atom reshapes these and TB follows. */
 const BASE_SHARES = { single: 0.655, double: 0.195, triple: 0.017, home_run: 0.133 };
@@ -48,18 +50,37 @@ const SB_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY || process.env.SUPABASE_SER
 const PAGE = 1000;
 const ARCHS = (process.env.TB_ARCHETYPES || 'ALL,BOMBER,GHOST,BRUSH,DRIVER').split(',');
 
-async function page(sb, table, select, apply) {
-  const out = [];
-  for (let from = 0; ; from += PAGE) {
-    const { data, error } = await apply(sb.from(table).select(select)).range(from, from + PAGE - 1);
-    if (error) throw error;
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) break;
-    out.push(...data);
-    if (data.length < PAGE) break;
-  }
-  return out;
+// ── FIX A2 (2026-08-09) — THE SAFE WALK ───────────────────────────────────
+// `page()` above walks with no ORDER BY. Measured on production, that returned
+// the correct row COUNT and the wrong ROWS: up to 33.6% of a read came back
+// twice while an equal share never came back at all. `pageSafe` routes the same
+// call through `src/utils/safePaginate`, which orders on a UNIQUE key on every
+// page, verifies uniqueness at runtime, and THROWS on a query error instead of
+// treating it as end-of-data.
+//
+// `page()` SURVIVES only for the context tables (statcast_aggregates,
+// batter_spray, team_defense, platoon_splits, park_dimensions, game_context...).
+// Those have COMPOSITE primary keys with no single unique column, so
+// safePaginate cannot express them. They measure 0% corruption today; making
+// them safe needs a composite-key ordering the helper does not yet have. Do not
+// use `page()` for ledger_entries or model_snapshots.
+async function pageSafe(sb, table, select, apply, key = uniqueKeyFor(table)) {
+  return paginate(() => apply(sb.from(table).select(select)),
+    { key, pageSize: PAGE, label: `${table}` });
 }
 
+/** THE MEASURED READS — main() and the harness call the same functions. */
+const READS = {
+  parks: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'park_dimensions', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb')),
+  gameCtx: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'game_context', 'game_id, venue_id, wx_temp_f, wx_wind_speed_mph, wx_wind_direction_deg', (q) => q),
+  snaps: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'model_snapshots', 'id, player_key, game_date, archetype, stat',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').eq('stat', 'total_bases').not('archetype', 'is', null)),
+  ledger: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries',
+    'id, game_id, player_key, player_name, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, quarantine_reason, env_park_base',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).eq('stat', 'total_bases')
+      .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null)),
+};
+
 /**
  * THE FACTORS. Each returns a MULTIPLIER on the base rate, or null when the
  * input is absent — an absent factor must leave the baseline untouched rather
@@ -112,14 +133,14 @@ async function main() {
   if (!SB_URL || !SB_KEY) throw new Error('SUPABASE_URL / service key required');
   const sb = createClient(SB_URL, SB_KEY, { auth: { persistSession: false } });
 
-  const statcast = await page(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
+  const statcast = await pageSafe(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
   const batters = new Map(); const pitchersById = new Map();
   for (const r of statcast) {
     const prof = sk.fromStatcastRow(r);
     if (r.role === 'pitcher' && r.source_id != null) pitchersById.set(Number(r.source_id), prof);
     if (r.role === 'batter' && r.player_key) batters.set(r.player_key, prof);
   }
-  const sprayRows = await page(sb, 'batter_spray', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
+  const sprayRows = await pageSafe(sb, 'batter_spray', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
   const sprayByKey = new Map();
   for (const r of sprayRows) {
     if (!r.player_key) continue;
@@ -127,7 +148,7 @@ async function main() {
     if (!prev || String(r.as_of_date) > String(prev.as_of_date)) sprayByKey.set(r.player_key, r);
   }
 
-  const platRows = await page(sb, 'platoon_splits', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
+  const platRows = await pageSafe(sb, 'platoon_splits', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
   const platByKey = new Map();
   for (const r of platRows) {
     if (!r.player_key) continue;
@@ -135,26 +156,22 @@ async function main() {
     if (!prev || String(r.as_of_date) > String(prev.as_of_date)) platByKey.set(r.player_key, r);
   }
 
-  const parkRows = await page(sb, 'park_dimensions', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
+  const parkRows = await pageSafe(sb, 'park_dimensions', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
   const parkByVenue = new Map();
   for (const p of parkRows) if (!parkByVenue.has(p.venue_id)) parkByVenue.set(p.venue_id, p);
   const parkLeague = pw.leagueGeometry([...parkByVenue.values()]);
-  const ctxRows = await page(sb, 'game_context', 'game_id, venue_id, wx_temp_f, wx_wind_speed_mph, wx_wind_direction_deg', (q) => q);
+  const ctxRows = await pageSafe(sb, 'game_context', 'game_id, venue_id, wx_temp_f, wx_wind_speed_mph, wx_wind_direction_deg', (q) => q);
   const ctxBy = new Map(ctxRows.map((c) => [c.game_id, c]));
 
-  const defRows = await page(sb, 'team_defense', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
+  const defRows = await pageSafe(sb, 'team_defense', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
   const defByTeam = new Map();
   for (const d of defRows) defByTeam.set(d.team, d);
 
-  const snaps = await page(sb, 'model_snapshots', 'player_key, game_date, archetype, stat',
-    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').eq('stat', 'total_bases').not('archetype', 'is', null));
+  const snaps = await READS.snaps(sb);
   const archOf = new Map();
   for (const s of snaps) archOf.set(`${s.player_key}|${s.game_date}`, s.archetype);
 
-  const led = await page(sb, 'ledger_entries',
-    'id, game_id, player_key, player_name, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, quarantine_reason, env_park_base',
-    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).eq('stat', 'total_bases')
-      .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null));
+  const led = await READS.ledger(sb);
   const clean = led.filter((r) => !(r.quarantine_reason || '').startsWith('nontakeable_book'));
 
   // Opponent faced, from each hitter's own game log.
@@ -342,4 +359,9 @@ async function main() {
   process.exit(0);
 }
 
-main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+if (require.main === module) {
+  main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+}
+
+// Exported so the read-integrity harness measures THE REAL FUNCTION.
+module.exports = { READS };
diff --git a/scripts/proven-status.js b/scripts/proven-status.js
index e6830bd..64a2be8 100644
--- a/scripts/proven-status.js
+++ b/scripts/proven-status.js
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
 require('dotenv').config();
 const { createClient } = require('@supabase/supabase-js');
 const cv = require('../src/services/model/correlateValidator');
+const { paginate } = require('../src/utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../src/utils/tableKeys');
 
 const SB_URL = process.env.SUPABASE_URL;
 const SB_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY || process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY;
@@ -47,23 +49,45 @@ const RECORDED = [
     verdict: 'INCONCLUSIVE', spec: 'specs/lineup-k-rate-rung1.md' },
 ];
 
-async function page(sb, table, select, apply) {
-  const out = [];
-  for (let from = 0; ; from += PAGE) {
-    const { data, error } = await apply(sb.from(table).select(select)).range(from, from + PAGE - 1);
-    if (error) throw error;
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) break;
-    out.push(...data);
-    if (data.length < PAGE) break;
-  }
-  return out;
+// ── FIX A2 (2026-08-09) — THE SAFE WALK ───────────────────────────────────
+// `page()` above walks with no ORDER BY. Measured on production, that returned
+// the correct row COUNT and the wrong ROWS: up to 33.6% of a read came back
+// twice while an equal share never came back at all. `pageSafe` routes the same
+// call through `src/utils/safePaginate`, which orders on a UNIQUE key on every
+// page, verifies uniqueness at runtime, and THROWS on a query error instead of
+// treating it as end-of-data.
+//
+// `page()` SURVIVES only for the context tables (statcast_aggregates,
+// batter_spray, team_defense, platoon_splits, park_dimensions, game_context...).
+// Those have COMPOSITE primary keys with no single unique column, so
+// safePaginate cannot express them. They measure 0% corruption today; making
+// them safe needs a composite-key ordering the helper does not yet have. Do not
+// use `page()` for ledger_entries or model_snapshots.
+async function pageSafe(sb, table, select, apply, key = uniqueKeyFor(table)) {
+  return paginate(() => apply(sb.from(table).select(select)),
+    { key, pageSize: PAGE, label: `${table}` });
 }
 
+/** THE MEASURED READS — main() and the harness call the same functions. */
+const READS_LEDGER = {
+  ledgerAll: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries', 'id, stat, outcome, quarantine_reason, p_win',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null)),
+  ledgerSettled: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries',
+    'id, stat, outcome, quarantine_reason, player_key, line, side, game_date',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss'])),
+};
+
+/** THE MEASURED READS — main() and the harness call the same functions. */
+const READS = {
+  snaps: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'model_snapshots', 'id, stat, archetype, player_key, line, side, game_date',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').not('archetype', 'is', null)),
+};
+
 async function main() {
   if (!SB_URL || !SB_KEY) throw new Error('SUPABASE_URL / service key required');
   const sb = createClient(SB_URL, SB_KEY, { auth: { persistSession: false } });
 
-  const led = await page(sb, 'ledger_entries', 'stat, outcome, quarantine_reason, p_win',
+  const led = await pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries', 'id, stat, outcome, quarantine_reason, p_win',
     (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null));
   const settled = {};
   for (const r of led) {
@@ -73,8 +97,7 @@ async function main() {
     settled[r.stat] = (settled[r.stat] || 0) + 1;
   }
 
-  const snaps = await page(sb, 'model_snapshots', 'stat, archetype, player_key, line, side, game_date',
-    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').not('archetype', 'is', null));
+  const snaps = await READS.snaps(sb);
   const archOf = new Map();
   for (const s of snaps) archOf.set(`${s.player_key}|${s.stat}|${s.line}|${String(s.side).toLowerCase()}|${s.game_date}`, s.archetype);
 
@@ -82,7 +105,7 @@ async function main() {
   // SNAPSHOT CYCLE, so a naive join fans out and inflates the count — it read
   // BOMBER x hits as 641 when the true figure is 287, which is the difference
   // between "gate-ready" and "not close". Dedupe on the ledger row's identity.
-  const led2 = await page(sb, 'ledger_entries', 'id, stat, outcome, quarantine_reason, player_key, line, side, game_date',
+  const led2 = await pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries', 'id, stat, outcome, quarantine_reason, player_key, line, side, game_date',
     (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']));
   const byArch = {};
   const seen = new Set();
@@ -123,4 +146,9 @@ async function main() {
   process.exit(0);
 }
 
-main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+if (require.main === module) {
+  main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+}
+
+// Exported so the read-integrity harness measures THE REAL FUNCTION.
+module.exports = { READS, READS_LEDGER };
diff --git a/scripts/read-integrity.js b/scripts/read-integrity.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7729ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/read-integrity.js
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * read-integrity — measure whether each learning reader returns the rows it thinks.
+ *
+ * Spec: specs/read-integrity-harness.md
+ *
+ * READ-ONLY. It issues SELECTs and a head-count. It writes nothing, anywhere —
+ * a test asserts this file contains no insert/update/upsert/delete/rpc.
+ *
+ * USAGE
+ *   node scripts/read-integrity.js                 # every registered reader
+ *   node scripts/read-integrity.js --id prove-hit-factors:136
+ *   node scripts/read-integrity.js --acceptance    # AC5 only: known-corrupt + known-clean
+ *
+ * WHAT IT IS FOR: the 2026-08-09 probe proved exposure cannot be reasoned from
+ * source — `challenger-scoreboard` walks 12 pages of a live table and is clean,
+ * `calibrationService.fromLedger` walks 3 pages of the same table and is a
+ * quarter corrupt. So every reader fix must be verified by MEASUREMENT, on the
+ * day, against an ordered control. Never by the presence of an ORDER BY clause.
+ */
+
+const path = require('path');
+require('dotenv').config({ path: path.join(__dirname, '..', '.env') });
+const { createClient } = require('@supabase/supabase-js');
+const ri = require('../src/utils/readIntegrity');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../src/utils/tableKeys');
+
+// The local .env carries a transposed project ref (CLAUDE.md, S76). Allow an
+// explicit override so a local run reaches the real project.
+const SB_URL = process.env.READ_INTEGRITY_SUPABASE_URL || process.env.SUPABASE_URL;
+const SB_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY || process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY;
+
+const MLB = ['eq', 'sport', 'mlb'];
+const PUBLIC = ['is', 'user_id', null];
+const SETTLED = ['in', 'outcome', ['hit', 'miss']];
+const HAS_PWIN = ['not', 'p_win', 'is', null];
+const HAS_ARCH = ['not', 'archetype', 'is', null];
+
+const LEDGER_KEY = ['id'];
+// model_snapshots rows are one per prop PER CYCLE, so identity needs the cycle.
+const SNAP_KEY = ['id'];
+
+/**
+ * THE REGISTRY — every reader that walks pages without a stable order, as it
+ * stands today. Declarative so it is auditable against the cited source line.
+ */
+const READERS = [
+  // ── the hits gate ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  { id: 'prove-hit-factors:136', source: 'scripts/prove-hit-factors.js:136', table: 'ledger_entries',
+    select: 'id', key: LEDGER_KEY,
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/prove-hit-factors').READS.ledger(sb),
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC, ['eq', 'stat', 'hits'], SETTLED, HAS_PWIN] },
+  { id: 'prove-hit-factors:131', source: 'scripts/prove-hit-factors.js:131', table: 'model_snapshots',
+    select: 'id', key: SNAP_KEY,
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/prove-hit-factors').READS.snaps(sb),
+    filters: [MLB, ['eq', 'stat', 'hits'], HAS_ARCH] },
+
+  // ── the other stat gates ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+  { id: 'prove-tb-factors:154', source: 'scripts/prove-tb-factors.js:154', table: 'ledger_entries',
+    select: 'id', key: LEDGER_KEY,
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/prove-tb-factors').READS.ledger(sb),
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC, ['eq', 'stat', 'total_bases'], SETTLED, HAS_PWIN] },
+  { id: 'prove-tb-factors:149', source: 'scripts/prove-tb-factors.js:149', table: 'model_snapshots',
+    select: 'id', key: SNAP_KEY,
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/prove-tb-factors').READS.snaps(sb),
+    filters: [MLB, ['eq', 'stat', 'total_bases'], HAS_ARCH] },
+  { id: 'prove-runs-rbi:200(rbi)', source: 'scripts/prove-runs-rbi.js:200', table: 'ledger_entries',
+    select: 'id', key: LEDGER_KEY,
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC, ['eq', 'stat', 'rbi'], SETTLED] },
+  { id: 'prove-runs-rbi:200(runs)', source: 'scripts/prove-runs-rbi.js:200', table: 'ledger_entries',
+    select: 'id', key: LEDGER_KEY,
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC, ['eq', 'stat', 'runs'], SETTLED] },
+  { id: 'prove-park-weather:54', source: 'scripts/prove-park-weather.js:54', table: 'ledger_entries',
+    select: 'id', key: LEDGER_KEY,
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/prove-park-weather').READS.ledger(sb),
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC, ['eq', 'stat', 'total_bases'], SETTLED] },
+  { id: 'pitcher-prove-k:137', source: 'scripts/pitcher-prove-k.js:137', table: 'ledger_entries',
+    select: 'id', key: LEDGER_KEY,
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/pitcher-prove-k').READS.ledger(sb),
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC, ['eq', 'stat', 'strikeouts'], SETTLED, HAS_PWIN] },
+  { id: 'cluster-prove:337', source: 'scripts/cluster-prove.js:337', table: 'ledger_entries',
+    select: 'id', key: LEDGER_KEY,
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/cluster-prove').READS.ledger(sb),
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC, ['eq', 'stat', 'total_bases'], SETTLED, HAS_PWIN] },
+  { id: 'tb-solo-and-interactions:260', source: 'scripts/tb-solo-and-interactions.js:260', table: 'ledger_entries',
+    select: 'id', key: LEDGER_KEY,
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/tb-solo-and-interactions').READS.ledger(sb),
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC, ['eq', 'stat', 'total_bases'], SETTLED, HAS_PWIN] },
+  { id: 'stagea-gate-run:142', source: 'scripts/stagea-gate-run.js:142', table: 'ledger_entries',
+    select: 'id', key: LEDGER_KEY,
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/stagea-gate-run').READS.ledger(sb),
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC] },
+  { id: 'skill-v1-stagea:185', source: 'scripts/skill-v1-stagea.js:185', table: 'ledger_entries',
+    select: 'id', key: LEDGER_KEY,
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/skill-v1-stagea').READS.ledger(sb),
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC, ['eq', 'stat', 'hits'], SETTLED] },
+
+  // ── the status/ablation/board readers ──────────────────────────────────
+  { id: 'proven-status:76', source: 'scripts/proven-status.js:76', table: 'model_snapshots',
+    select: 'id', key: SNAP_KEY,
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/proven-status').READS.snaps(sb), filters: [MLB, HAS_ARCH] },
+  { id: 'champion-ablation:173', source: 'scripts/champion-ablation.js:173', table: 'model_snapshots',
+    select: 'id', key: SNAP_KEY,
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/champion-ablation').READS.snaps(sb),
+    filters: [MLB, HAS_PWIN, ['not', 'features', 'is', null]] },
+  { id: 'build-grade-bands:54', source: 'scripts/build-grade-bands.js:54', table: 'ledger_entries',
+    select: 'id', key: LEDGER_KEY,
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/build-grade-bands').READS.ledger(sb),
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC, ['eq', 'stat', 'hits'], SETTLED, HAS_PWIN] },
+  { id: 'build-grade-bands:49', source: 'scripts/build-grade-bands.js:49', table: 'model_snapshots',
+    select: 'id', key: SNAP_KEY,
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/build-grade-bands').READS.snaps(sb), filters: [MLB, ['eq', 'stat', 'hits'], HAS_ARCH] },
+  { id: 'challenger-scoreboard:112', source: 'scripts/challenger-scoreboard.js:112', table: 'ledger_entries',
+    select: 'id', key: LEDGER_KEY, filters: [MLB, PUBLIC, SETTLED, HAS_PWIN] },
+
+  // ── calibrationService: FIXED in A1, and measured through the REAL function ──
+  // `readerRows` calls the production `loadSettledRows`, so a PASS here means the
+  // shipped code returned a set identical to the control — not that its query was
+  // re-declared correctly in this registry.
+  { id: 'calibrationService.fromLedger:110', source: 'src/services/model/calibrationService.js:110',
+    table: 'ledger_entries', select: 'id', key: LEDGER_KEY, live: true,
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../src/services/model/calibrationService')
+      .loadSettledRows(sb, { sport: 'mlb', stat: 'hits' }),
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC, ['eq', 'stat', 'hits'], SETTLED, HAS_PWIN,
+      ['lt', 'game_date', todayEt()]] },
+
+  // The PRIMARY calibrator (calibrationService is only its shadow). FIXED in A2.
+  { id: 'lowParamService.fromLedger:78', source: 'src/services/model/lowParamService.js:78',
+    table: 'ledger_entries', select: 'id', key: LEDGER_KEY, live: true,
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../src/services/model/lowParamService')
+      .loadSettledRows(sb, { sport: 'mlb', stat: 'hits' }),
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC, ['eq', 'stat', 'hits'], SETTLED, HAS_PWIN,
+      ['lt', 'game_date', todayEt()]] },
+
+  // ── context tables — A2b: composite keys from the live schema ──────────
+  { id: 'context:statcast_aggregates', source: 'scripts/prove-hit-factors.js:104', table: 'statcast_aggregates',
+    select: '*', key: uniqueKeyFor('statcast_aggregates'),
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/prove-hit-factors').READS.statcast(sb), filters: [MLB] },
+  { id: 'context:batter_spray', source: 'scripts/prove-hit-factors.js:111', table: 'batter_spray',
+    select: '*', key: uniqueKeyFor('batter_spray'),
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/prove-hit-factors').READS.spray(sb), filters: [MLB] },
+  { id: 'context:platoon_splits', source: 'scripts/prove-hit-factors.js:119', table: 'platoon_splits',
+    select: '*', key: uniqueKeyFor('platoon_splits'),
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/prove-hit-factors').READS.platoon(sb), filters: [MLB] },
+  { id: 'context:team_defense', source: 'scripts/prove-hit-factors.js:127', table: 'team_defense',
+    select: '*', key: uniqueKeyFor('team_defense'),
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/prove-hit-factors').READS.defense(sb), filters: [MLB] },
+  { id: 'context:park_dimensions', source: 'scripts/prove-tb-factors.js:138', table: 'park_dimensions',
+    select: '*', key: uniqueKeyFor('park_dimensions'),
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/prove-tb-factors').READS.parks(sb), filters: [MLB] },
+  { id: 'context:game_context', source: 'scripts/prove-tb-factors.js:142', table: 'game_context',
+    select: 'game_id, venue_id, wx_temp_f, wx_wind_speed_mph, wx_wind_direction_deg',
+    key: uniqueKeyFor('game_context'),
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/prove-tb-factors').READS.gameCtx(sb), filters: [] },
+  { id: 'context:hitter_opportunity', source: 'scripts/prove-runs-rbi.js:183', table: 'hitter_opportunity',
+    select: '*', key: uniqueKeyFor('hitter_opportunity'),
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/prove-runs-rbi').READS.opportunity(sb), filters: [MLB] },
+  // lineup_context has no paginated READER today (lineupContextService writes it);
+  // measured as-written so its exposure is on the record rather than assumed.
+  { id: 'context:lineup_context', source: '(no paginated reader — write-only today)', table: 'lineup_context',
+    select: 'as_of_date, sport, game_pk, player_key', key: uniqueKeyFor('lineup_context'), filters: [MLB] },
+
+  // ── A2b: the three legacy reads, now converted ────────────────────────
+  { id: 'proven-status:66', source: 'scripts/proven-status.js:66', table: 'ledger_entries',
+    select: 'id', key: uniqueKeyFor('ledger_entries'),
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/proven-status').READS_LEDGER.ledgerAll(sb),
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC] },
+  { id: 'proven-status:85', source: 'scripts/proven-status.js:85', table: 'ledger_entries',
+    select: 'id', key: uniqueKeyFor('ledger_entries'),
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/proven-status').READS_LEDGER.ledgerSettled(sb),
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC, SETTLED] },
+  { id: 'champion-ablation:176', source: 'scripts/champion-ablation.js:176', table: 'ledger_entries',
+    select: 'id', key: uniqueKeyFor('ledger_entries'),
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/champion-ablation').READS_LEDGER.ledger(sb),
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC, SETTLED] },
+
+  // ── A2b: found during the sweep — the last unordered ledger walker ────
+  // Measured 24.7% before conversion; converted in the same pass because it is
+  // the identical defect and the fix is the identical one-liner.
+  { id: 'calibrate-hits:40', source: 'scripts/calibrate-hits.js:40', table: 'ledger_entries',
+    select: 'id', key: uniqueKeyFor('ledger_entries'),
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/calibrate-hits').READS.ledger(sb),
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC, ['eq', 'stat', 'hits'], SETTLED, HAS_PWIN] },
+
+  // ── A2b: the two WRITE-scripts, previously unmeasured ─────────────────
+  { id: 'backfill-context:55', source: 'scripts/backfill-context.js:55', table: 'ledger_entries',
+    select: 'id', key: uniqueKeyFor('ledger_entries'), writes: 'platoon_splits',
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/backfill-context').READS.ledger(sb),
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC, ['in', 'stat', ['hits', 'total_bases']], SETTLED] },
+  { id: 'backfill-context:64', source: 'scripts/backfill-context.js:64', table: 'platoon_splits',
+    select: 'as_of_date, sport, season, player_key', key: uniqueKeyFor('platoon_splits'),
+    writes: 'platoon_splits',
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/backfill-context').READS.platoonHeld(sb), filters: [MLB] },
+  { id: 'reconstruct-game-environment:61', source: 'scripts/reconstruct-game-environment.js:61',
+    table: 'ledger_entries', select: 'id', key: uniqueKeyFor('ledger_entries'), writes: 'game_context',
+    readerRows: (sb) => require('../scripts/reconstruct-game-environment').READS.ledger(sb),
+    filters: [MLB, PUBLIC, ['in', 'stat', ['hits', 'total_bases']], SETTLED] },
+];
+
+function todayEt() {
+  return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-CA', {
+    timeZone: 'America/New_York', year: 'numeric', month: '2-digit', day: '2-digit',
+  }).format(new Date());
+}
+
+/** Build the three queries a spec needs. Read-only by construction. */
+function bindings(sb, spec) {
+  const base = () => ri.applyFilters(sb.from(spec.table).select(spec.select), spec.filters);
+  // A2b — the CONTROL orders by the FULL unique tuple. Ordering it on a prefix
+  // would leave the control itself tie-scrambled, and a control that cannot be
+  // trusted must never issue a PASS.
+  const orderCols = spec.key || ['id'];
+  return {
+    exactCount: async () => {
+      const { count, error } = await ri.applyFilters(
+        sb.from(spec.table).select(orderCols[0], { count: 'exact', head: true }), spec.filters);
+      if (error) throw new Error(`count: ${error.message}`);
+      return count;
+    },
+    // ARM (a): exactly as the reader stands — no order.
+    fetchUnordered: async (from, to) => {
+      const { data, error } = await base().range(from, to);
+      if (error) throw new Error(`unordered: ${error.message}`);
+      return data;
+    },
+    // ARM (b): identical + a stable order. The CONTROL, which must itself
+    // reconcile to the server count before any PASS is issued.
+    fetchOrdered: async (from, to) => {
+      let q = base();
+      for (const c of orderCols) q = q.order(c, { ascending: true });
+      const { data, error } = await q.range(from, to);
+      if (error) throw new Error(`ordered: ${error.message}`);
+      return data;
+    },
+    // Once a reader is fixed, arm (a) becomes the REAL function's output.
+    ...(spec.readerRows ? { readerRows: () => spec.readerRows(sb) } : {}),
+  };
+}
+
+async function main() {
+  if (!SB_URL || !SB_KEY) throw new Error('SUPABASE_URL / service key required');
+  const sb = createClient(SB_URL, SB_KEY, { auth: { persistSession: false } });
+
+  const argv = process.argv.slice(2);
+  const only = argv.includes('--id') ? argv[argv.indexOf('--id') + 1] : null;
+  const acceptance = argv.includes('--acceptance');
+
+  let specs = READERS;
+  if (only) specs = READERS.filter((s) => s.id === only);
+  if (acceptance) {
+    specs = READERS.filter((s) => ['prove-hit-factors:136', 'challenger-scoreboard:112'].includes(s.id));
+  }
+
+  const results = [];
+  for (const spec of specs) {
+    const r = await ri.measure(spec, bindings(sb, spec));
+    results.push(r);
+    process.stderr.write(`  ${r.verdict.padEnd(15)} ${r.id} — ${r.corruption_pct ?? '?'}%\n`);
+  }
+
+  const summary = {
+    run_at: new Date().toISOString(),
+    readers_measured: results.length,
+    pass: results.filter((r) => r.verdict === ri.VERDICT.PASS).length,
+    fail: results.filter((r) => r.verdict === ri.VERDICT.FAIL).length,
+    other: results.filter((r) => ![ri.VERDICT.PASS, ri.VERDICT.FAIL].includes(r.verdict)).length,
+    worst_corruption_pct: results.reduce((m, r) => Math.max(m, r.corruption_pct || 0), 0),
+  };
+
+  if (acceptance) {
+    // AC5 — the harness must reproduce the probe or it is not trustworthy.
+    const corrupt = results.find((r) => r.id === 'prove-hit-factors:136');
+    const clean = results.find((r) => r.id === 'challenger-scoreboard:112');
+    summary.acceptance = {
+      known_corrupt_reader: corrupt && corrupt.id,
+      known_corrupt_pct: corrupt && corrupt.corruption_pct,
+      known_corrupt_in_16_to_25_band: !!corrupt && corrupt.corruption_pct >= 16 && corrupt.corruption_pct <= 25,
+      known_clean_reader: clean && clean.id,
+      known_clean_pct: clean && clean.corruption_pct,
+      known_clean_is_zero: !!clean && clean.corruption_pct === 0,
+    };
+    summary.acceptance.AC5_PASSES = summary.acceptance.known_corrupt_in_16_to_25_band
+      && summary.acceptance.known_clean_is_zero;
+  }
+
+  console.log(JSON.stringify({ summary, results }, null, 2));
+}
+
+if (require.main === module) {
+  main().then(() => process.exit(0)).catch((e) => {
+    console.error('read-integrity FAILED:', e.message);
+    process.exit(1);
+  });
+}
+
+module.exports = { READERS, bindings };
diff --git a/scripts/reconstruct-game-environment.js b/scripts/reconstruct-game-environment.js
index 663bd63..bbe3370 100644
--- a/scripts/reconstruct-game-environment.js
+++ b/scripts/reconstruct-game-environment.js
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
 require('dotenv').config();
 const axios = require('axios');
 const { createClient } = require('@supabase/supabase-js');
+const { paginate } = require('../src/utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../src/utils/tableKeys');
 
 const SB_URL = process.env.SUPABASE_URL;
 const SB_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY || process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY;
@@ -41,24 +43,35 @@ const ARCHIVE = (lat, lon, date) =>
 
 const squash = (s) => String(s || '').toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z]/g, '');
 
-async function page(sb, table, select, apply) {
-  const out = [];
-  for (let from = 0; ; from += PAGE) {
-    const { data, error } = await apply(sb.from(table).select(select)).range(from, from + PAGE - 1);
-    if (error) throw error;
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) break;
-    out.push(...data);
-    if (data.length < PAGE) break;
-  }
-  return out;
+// ── THE SAFE WALK (Fix A2/A2b) ────────────────────────────────────────────
+// This script used to walk pages with `.range()` and NO ORDER BY. Measured on
+// production, that returned the correct row COUNT and the wrong ROWS: up to
+// 33.6% of a read came back twice while an equal share never came back at all,
+// so `rows.length` looked perfect while a fifth of the sample was missing.
+//
+// `pageSafe` routes every read through `src/utils/safePaginate`: a stable ORDER
+// BY on the table's real UNIQUE key — single OR composite, looked up from
+// `src/utils/tableKeys` rather than assumed — a runtime tuple-uniqueness check,
+// and a THROWN error instead of a silent stop. The old unordered helper is gone
+// rather than left beside it, because a dead broken helper is an invitation.
+async function pageSafe(sb, table, select, apply, key = uniqueKeyFor(table)) {
+  return paginate(() => apply(sb.from(table).select(select)),
+    { key, pageSize: PAGE, label: `${table}` });
 }
 
+/** THE MEASURED READS — main() and the harness call the same functions. */
+const READS = {
+  ledger: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries', 'id, game_id, game_date, stat, outcome, quarantine_reason',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).in('stat', ['hits', 'total_bases'])
+      .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss'])),
+};
+
 const get = async (url) => (await axios.get(url, { timeout: 60_000 })).data;
 
 async function main() {
   const sb = createClient(SB_URL, SB_KEY, { auth: { persistSession: false } });
 
-  const led = await page(sb, 'ledger_entries', 'game_id, game_date, stat, outcome, quarantine_reason',
+  const led = await pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries', 'id, game_id, game_date, stat, outcome, quarantine_reason',
     (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).in('stat', ['hits', 'total_bases'])
       .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']));
   const clean = led.filter((r) => !(r.quarantine_reason || '').startsWith('nontakeable_book'));
@@ -167,4 +180,9 @@ async function main() {
   process.exit(0);
 }
 
-main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+if (require.main === module) {
+  main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+}
+
+// Exported so the read-integrity harness measures THE REAL FUNCTION.
+module.exports = { READS: (typeof READS !== 'undefined' ? READS : undefined), READS_LEDGER: (typeof READS_LEDGER !== 'undefined' ? READS_LEDGER : undefined) };
diff --git a/scripts/skill-v1-stagea.js b/scripts/skill-v1-stagea.js
index 4df5a09..43a6fbf 100644
--- a/scripts/skill-v1-stagea.js
+++ b/scripts/skill-v1-stagea.js
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ const reg = require('../src/services/model/featureRegistry');
 const mlb = require('../src/services/adapters/mlbStatsAdapter');
 const { nameKey } = require('../src/utils/playerName');
 const { knownRate } = require('../src/utils/known');
+const { paginate } = require('../src/utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../src/utils/tableKeys');
 
 /** Team games played by the 2026-07-21 profile freeze — turns season PA into PA/game. */
 const GAMES_SO_FAR = Number(process.env.STAGEA_GAMES_SO_FAR || 103);
@@ -100,18 +102,30 @@ function bootstrapDiff(rows, keyA, keyB, iters = 4000, seed = 20260803) {
   };
 }
 
-async function page(sb, table, select, apply) {
-  const out = [];
-  for (let from = 0; ; from += PAGE) {
-    const { data, error } = await apply(sb.from(table).select(select)).range(from, from + PAGE - 1);
-    if (error) throw error;
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) break;
-    out.push(...data);
-    if (data.length < PAGE) break;
-  }
-  return out;
+// ── THE SAFE WALK (Fix A2/A2b) ────────────────────────────────────────────
+// This script used to walk pages with `.range()` and NO ORDER BY. Measured on
+// production, that returned the correct row COUNT and the wrong ROWS: up to
+// 33.6% of a read came back twice while an equal share never came back at all,
+// so `rows.length` looked perfect while a fifth of the sample was missing.
+//
+// `pageSafe` routes every read through `src/utils/safePaginate`: a stable ORDER
+// BY on the table's real UNIQUE key — single OR composite, looked up from
+// `src/utils/tableKeys` rather than assumed — a runtime tuple-uniqueness check,
+// and a THROWN error instead of a silent stop. The old unordered helper is gone
+// rather than left beside it, because a dead broken helper is an invitation.
+async function pageSafe(sb, table, select, apply, key = uniqueKeyFor(table)) {
+  return paginate(() => apply(sb.from(table).select(select)),
+    { key, pageSize: PAGE, label: `${table}` });
 }
 
+/** THE MEASURED READS — main() and the harness call the same functions. */
+const READS = {
+  ledger: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries',
+    'id, player_key, player_name, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, quarantine_reason',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).eq('stat', 'hits')
+      .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss'])),
+};
+
 /**
  * `date|team` → the starter that team FACED.
  *
@@ -165,7 +179,7 @@ async function main() {
   const sb = createClient(SB_URL, SB_KEY, { auth: { persistSession: false } });
 
   // Frozen skill profiles — by name (batters) and by source_id (pitchers).
-  const statcast = await page(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
+  const statcast = await pageSafe(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
   const freeze = statcast.reduce((mx, r) => (String(r.updated_at) > mx ? String(r.updated_at) : mx), '');
   const freezeDate = freeze.slice(0, 10);
   const batters = new Map();
@@ -182,8 +196,8 @@ async function main() {
     }
   }
 
-  const led = await page(sb, 'ledger_entries',
-    'player_key, player_name, stat, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, team, opponent, quarantine_reason',
+  const led = await pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries',
+    'id, player_key, player_name, stat, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, team, opponent, quarantine_reason',
     (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).eq('stat', 'hits')
       .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null));
 
@@ -276,4 +290,9 @@ async function main() {
   process.exit(0);
 }
 
-main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+if (require.main === module) {
+  main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+}
+
+// Exported so the read-integrity harness measures THE REAL FUNCTION.
+module.exports = { READS };
diff --git a/scripts/stagea-gate-run.js b/scripts/stagea-gate-run.js
index 6cf5d0f..d3313ae 100644
--- a/scripts/stagea-gate-run.js
+++ b/scripts/stagea-gate-run.js
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ const sk = require('../src/services/model/skillProjection');
 const reg = require('../src/services/model/featureRegistry');
 const mlb = require('../src/services/adapters/mlbStatsAdapter');
 const { knownRate, knownNumber } = require('../src/utils/known');
+const { paginate } = require('../src/utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../src/utils/tableKeys');
 
 const SB_URL = process.env.SUPABASE_URL;
 const SB_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY || process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY;
@@ -80,18 +82,29 @@ function bootstrapDiff(rows, keyA, keyB, iters = 4000, seed = 20260803) {
   };
 }
 
-async function page(sb, table, select, apply) {
-  const out = [];
-  for (let from = 0; ; from += PAGE) {
-    const { data, error } = await apply(sb.from(table).select(select)).range(from, from + PAGE - 1);
-    if (error) throw error;
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) break;
-    out.push(...data);
-    if (data.length < PAGE) break;
-  }
-  return out;
+// ── THE SAFE WALK (Fix A2/A2b) ────────────────────────────────────────────
+// This script used to walk pages with `.range()` and NO ORDER BY. Measured on
+// production, that returned the correct row COUNT and the wrong ROWS: up to
+// 33.6% of a read came back twice while an equal share never came back at all,
+// so `rows.length` looked perfect while a fifth of the sample was missing.
+//
+// `pageSafe` routes every read through `src/utils/safePaginate`: a stable ORDER
+// BY on the table's real UNIQUE key — single OR composite, looked up from
+// `src/utils/tableKeys` rather than assumed — a runtime tuple-uniqueness check,
+// and a THROWN error instead of a silent stop. The old unordered helper is gone
+// rather than left beside it, because a dead broken helper is an invitation.
+async function pageSafe(sb, table, select, apply, key = uniqueKeyFor(table)) {
+  return paginate(() => apply(sb.from(table).select(select)),
+    { key, pageSize: PAGE, label: `${table}` });
 }
 
+/** THE MEASURED READS — main() and the harness call the same functions. */
+const READS = {
+  ledger: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries',
+    'id, player_key, player_name, stat, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, quarantine_reason',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null)),
+};
+
 async function opposingStarters(dates) {
   const m = new Map();
   for (const d of dates) {
@@ -126,7 +139,7 @@ async function main() {
   if (!SB_URL || !SB_KEY) throw new Error('SUPABASE_URL / service key required');
   const sb = createClient(SB_URL, SB_KEY, { auth: { persistSession: false } });
 
-  const statcast = await page(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
+  const statcast = await pageSafe(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
   const freezeDate = statcast.reduce((mx, r) => (String(r.updated_at) > mx ? String(r.updated_at) : mx), '').slice(0, 10);
   const batters = new Map(); const pitchersById = new Map();
   for (const r of statcast) {
@@ -139,8 +152,8 @@ async function main() {
     }
   }
 
-  const led = await page(sb, 'ledger_entries',
-    'player_key, player_name, stat, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, quarantine_reason',
+  const led = await pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries',
+    'id, player_key, player_name, stat, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, quarantine_reason',
     (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null)
       .in('stat', ['hits', 'total_bases'])
       .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null));
@@ -244,4 +257,9 @@ async function main() {
   process.exit(0);
 }
 
-main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+if (require.main === module) {
+  main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+}
+
+// Exported so the read-integrity harness measures THE REAL FUNCTION.
+module.exports = { READS };
diff --git a/scripts/tb-solo-and-interactions.js b/scripts/tb-solo-and-interactions.js
index 392bf6e..a20c56f 100644
--- a/scripts/tb-solo-and-interactions.js
+++ b/scripts/tb-solo-and-interactions.js
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ const sk = require('../src/services/model/skillProjection');
 const reg = require('../src/services/model/featureRegistry');
 const mlb = require('../src/services/adapters/mlbStatsAdapter');
 const { knownRate, knownNumber } = require('../src/utils/known');
+const { paginate } = require('../src/utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../src/utils/tableKeys');
 
 const SB_URL = process.env.SUPABASE_URL;
 const SB_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY || process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY;
@@ -151,18 +153,35 @@ function bootstrapDiff(rows, keyA, keyB, iters = 4000, seed = 20260804) {
   };
 }
 
-async function page(sb, table, select, apply) {
-  const out = [];
-  for (let from = 0; ; from += PAGE) {
-    const { data, error } = await apply(sb.from(table).select(select)).range(from, from + PAGE - 1);
-    if (error) throw error;
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) break;
-    out.push(...data);
-    if (data.length < PAGE) break;
-  }
-  return out;
+// ── FIX A2 (2026-08-09) — THE SAFE WALK ───────────────────────────────────
+// `page()` above walks with no ORDER BY. Measured on production, that returned
+// the correct row COUNT and the wrong ROWS: up to 33.6% of a read came back
+// twice while an equal share never came back at all. `pageSafe` routes the same
+// call through `src/utils/safePaginate`, which orders on a UNIQUE key on every
+// page, verifies uniqueness at runtime, and THROWS on a query error instead of
+// treating it as end-of-data.
+//
+// `page()` SURVIVES only for the context tables (statcast_aggregates,
+// batter_spray, team_defense, platoon_splits, park_dimensions, game_context...).
+// Those have COMPOSITE primary keys with no single unique column, so
+// safePaginate cannot express them. They measure 0% corruption today; making
+// them safe needs a composite-key ordering the helper does not yet have. Do not
+// use `page()` for ledger_entries or model_snapshots.
+async function pageSafe(sb, table, select, apply, key = uniqueKeyFor(table)) {
+  return paginate(() => apply(sb.from(table).select(select)),
+    { key, pageSize: PAGE, label: `${table}` });
 }
 
+/** THE MEASURED READS — main() and the harness call the same functions. */
+const READS = {
+  snaps: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'model_snapshots', 'id, player_key, game_date, archetype',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').eq('stat', 'total_bases').not('archetype', 'is', null)),
+  ledger: (sb) => pageSafe(sb, 'ledger_entries',
+    'id, player_key, player_name, stat, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, quarantine_reason',
+    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).eq('stat', 'total_bases')
+      .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null)),
+};
+
 async function opposingStarters(dates) {
   const m = new Map();
   for (const d of dates) {
@@ -233,7 +252,7 @@ async function main() {
   if (!SB_URL || !SB_KEY) throw new Error('SUPABASE_URL / service key required');
   const sb = createClient(SB_URL, SB_KEY, { auth: { persistSession: false } });
 
-  const statcast = await page(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
+  const statcast = await pageSafe(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', '*', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb'));
   const freezeDate = statcast.reduce((mx, r) => (String(r.updated_at) > mx ? String(r.updated_at) : mx), '').slice(0, 10);
   const batters = new Map(); const pitchersById = new Map();
   for (const r of statcast) {
@@ -252,15 +271,11 @@ async function main() {
   // model_snapshots carries the actual classification per prop, so the
   // conditioning variable is now a genuine BOMBER indicator, which is
   // categorical and therefore not a transform of barrel at all.
-  const snaps = await page(sb, 'model_snapshots', 'player_key, game_date, archetype',
-    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').eq('stat', 'total_bases').not('archetype', 'is', null));
+  const snaps = await READS.snaps(sb);
   const archetypeBy = new Map();
   for (const r of snaps) if (r.player_key && r.game_date) archetypeBy.set(`${r.player_key}|${r.game_date}`, r.archetype);
 
-  const led = await page(sb, 'ledger_entries',
-    'player_key, player_name, stat, line, side, outcome, game_date, p_win, quarantine_reason',
-    (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').is('user_id', null).eq('stat', 'total_bases')
-      .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null));
+  const led = await READS.ledger(sb);
   // POINT-IN-TIME IS NO LONGER AVAILABLE FROM THIS TABLE.
   //
   // `statcast_aggregates` is upserted in place and keeps one as-of date. The
@@ -433,4 +448,9 @@ async function main() {
   process.exit(0);
 }
 
-main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+if (require.main === module) {
+  main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
+}
+
+// Exported so the read-integrity harness measures THE REAL FUNCTION.
+module.exports = { READS };
diff --git a/specs/a8-shadow-factor-gate.md b/specs/a8-shadow-factor-gate.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d755c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/specs/a8-shadow-factor-gate.md
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+# PRE-REGISTRATION — A8: do the shadow-fired hits factors improve the forecast?
+
+**Status: PRE-REGISTERED, NOT RUN.** Written 2026-08-11, before any accrual
+exists, so the decision rule cannot be chosen after seeing the answer.
+
+---
+
+## 1. WHAT IS BEING TESTED, AND WHY IT IS A NEW TEST
+
+A5 measured that all three hits factors were skipped on **596/596** real graded
+props — `prop.opponent` and `prop.opposing_pitcher` were never set by anything,
+so `positionOaa`, `throws` and `pitcherHardHit` resolved on **zero** rows. A6
+resolved those keys and fired the factors in **shadow**: 248 fires on 308 props,
+median would-be multiplier 1.017, range 0.803–1.250.
+
+So `pitcher_contact_profile` and `defense_by_direction` were never "proven and
+then disconnected." They were proven on an **audit reconstruction that the
+production path never ran**, and then withdrawn (A0) because the reader that
+produced that proof was 16–25% corrupt.
+
+**This is therefore a NEW hypothesis, not a re-test.** It counts as a fresh test
+against the cumulative Bonferroni denominator (`testLedger`). The S87 rule that
+re-asking the same question on more data is not a new shot on goal does not apply:
+the question is different. Previously — "does this factor improve a reconstructed
+audit?" Now — "does the multiplier this factor actually produces, on the rows
+where it actually fires, improve the served forecast out of sample?"
+
+Three factors × one stat = **3 new hypotheses** to record before the run.
+
+---
+
+## 2. THE UNIT OF EVIDENCE
+
+One testable pair = a `model_snapshots` row that carries **both**:
+
+- `factor_inputs.would_fire` — written at grade time, pre-game, never applied
+- `outcome` — settled from a box score by `snapshotSettlementService`
+
+A `would_fire` with no settled outcome is **not yet evidence** and must not be
+counted toward N.
+
+Rows are eligible only if they also satisfy the standing gates:
+`model_version = engine1@2026-08-07-fullwindow` (A3) and
+`quarantine_reason` not `nontakeable_book%`.
+
+---
+
+## 3. THE TEST — TWO PARTS, BOTH REQUIRED
+
+Run per factor, on **rows where that factor fired** (`would_fire.per_factor`
+contains it). Scoring a factor on rows it did not touch dilutes any real effect
+toward zero (S77).
+
+**Baseline** = the served forecast, i.e. `p_win` as actually graded (the factors
+were off).
+**Conditioned** = `clamp(p_win × would_fire.multiplier, 0.01, 0.99)` — exactly
+what would have been served had the factor been live.
+
+Adjudicated by `factorGate.adjudicate()`:
+
+1. **MOVEMENT** — mean `|Δp|` ≥ `MIN_MOVEMENT` (0.01). Movement alone is
+   **THEATER** and is named as such.
+2. **IMPROVEMENT** — paired bootstrap on **Brier**, cluster-resampled, CI
+   excluding zero at `1 − 0.05/tests` where `tests` is the programme-lifetime
+   cumulative count from `testLedger`.
+
+`cluster = game_id`. Verified: for all three factors the treatment entity
+(`player|opponent`, `starter_id`, `player_key`) is more numerous than the games,
+so `factorGate`'s coarser-of rule resolves to the game. **`MIN_CLUSTERS = 40`
+distinct settled games is the binding constraint**, not `MIN_N`.
+
+### Pre-registered outcomes
+
+| verdict | meaning | consequence |
+|---|---|---|
+| `PROVES` | moves AND corrected CI below zero | candidate for A9 live turn-on — still a separate order |
+| `NOT_PROVEN_AT_CORRECTED_BAR` | point estimate improves, CI spans zero | keep accruing; do NOT turn on |
+| `THEATER` | moves, Brier delta ≥ 0 | **do not turn on, ever, at this multiplier** |
+| `INERT` | mean shift < 0.01 | wiring is pointless; drop the factor |
+| `CANDIDATE_PENDING_SAMPLE` | below N or clusters | keep accruing |
+
+**Pre-registered fallback:** if a factor returns `THEATER`, that is a real result
+and it must be recorded as such — a factor that moves ~80% of the board and does
+not improve Brier is the arch-v1 failure repeating, and the correct action is to
+leave it off, not to re-tune the multiplier until it passes.
+
+**A `PROVES` does not turn anything on.** It makes the case for A9, which needs
+its own before/after on the served board.
+
+---
+
+## 4. WHAT WOULD INVALIDATE THE RUN
+
+- **Fewer than 40 distinct settled games** for that factor → refuse, report N.
+- **`would_fire` not re-derivable** from `would_fire.shadow_inputs` on any row
+  (A6's recompute check) → the evidence is not trustworthy; stop.
+- **Any row whose `would_fire` was written after first pitch** — settlement
+  already refuses post-hoc rows, and the same rule applies here.
+- **Keys resolved from anything other than the pre-game lineup + probable
+  pitcher.** A retrospectively-derived opponent would make this a reconstruction
+  again, which is the whole thing A5/A6 exist to avoid.
+
+---
+
+## 5. WHEN IT CAN RUN
+
+Measured accrual (settled MLB hits, repaired-champion rows):
+
+| | 2026-08-07 | 2026-08-08 |
+|---|---|---|
+| settled hits rows | 758 | 1,096 |
+| distinct settled players | 208 | 188 |
+| **distinct settled games** | **11** | **10** |
+
+Shadow fire rates (A6, 2026-08-09): `pitcher_contact_profile` 80.5%,
+`defense_by_direction` 60.1%, `platoon_severity` 47.7%.
+
+At ~925 settled hits rows and **~10.5 distinct settled games per slate**:
+
+| factor | rows/slate | slates to `MIN_N` 500 | **slates to `MIN_CLUSTERS` 40** | binding |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| `pitcher_contact_profile` | ~745 | 1 | **~4** | clusters |
+| `defense_by_direction` | ~556 | 1 | **~4** | clusters |
+| `platoon_severity` | ~441 | 2 | **~4** | clusters |
+
+**Accrual starts at DEPLOY, not today** — 0 rows carry `factor_inputs` now. Add
+the settlement lag (a slate settles the following day), so:
+
+> **A8 is runnable ≈ 5 slates after A6/A7 deploy** — about **5 days**, for all
+> three factors together. Nothing accrues until the deploy lands.
+
+---
+
+## 6. WHAT THIS DOES NOT DECIDE
+
+It does not reinstate `defense_by_direction` or `pitcher_contact_profile`. Those
+withdrawals stand on their own cause (drawn through a corrupt reader). A `PROVES`
+here is evidence about **the live multiplier on rows where it fires** — a
+different claim from the original verdicts, and it should be recorded as a new
+finding rather than as a reinstatement.
diff --git a/specs/read-integrity-harness.md b/specs/read-integrity-harness.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccd3250
--- /dev/null
+++ b/specs/read-integrity-harness.md
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+# SPEC — Read-Integrity Harness + Verdict Withdrawal (Fix A0)
+
+**Status:** built 2026-08-09. Measure-only instrument. Fixes no reader.
+
+---
+
+## 1. WHY
+
+The 2026-08-09 probe established, by measurement, that the shared `page()`
+pagination used by the learning loop — `.range(from, from+PAGE-1)` with **no
+`ORDER BY`** — returns the correct row COUNT and the wrong ROWS.
+
+Measured on production, same query, minutes apart:
+
+| reader | true count | duplicates | missing | corruption |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| hits gate ledger read (`prove-hit-factors.js:136`) | 2,490 | 412 → 617 | same | **16.5% → 24.8%** |
+| archetype join (`prove-hit-factors.js:131`) | 10,038 | 2,454 | 2,454 | **24.4%** |
+| `calibrationService.fromLedger:110` (LIVE) | 2,490 | 617 | 617 | **24.8%** |
+| `challenger-scoreboard.js:112` | 11,485 | 0 | 0 | **0%** |
+
+Two facts drive this spec:
+
+1. **Exposure cannot be reasoned from source.** `challenger-scoreboard` walks 12
+   pages of a live table and is clean; `fromLedger` walks 3 pages of the *same*
+   table and is a quarter corrupt. The difference is the query PLAN, which shifts
+   with filters, table statistics and concurrent writes. Nothing in the code
+   predicts it.
+2. **Duplicates are worse than a random subsample.** They inflate
+   `factorGate.movement.n`, which is the number checked against `MIN_N = 500`
+   (`factorGate.js:194`), AND they corrupt the leave-one-out per-player baseline
+   that is the gate's null hypothesis. Both the test statistic and the thing it is
+   tested against move.
+
+So: one instrument, measured per reader, per run. Not fifteen hand-written checks,
+and never an inference from source text.
+
+---
+
+## 2. THE META-SCAR RULE (load-bearing)
+
+> **A reader PASSES only on measured set identity against an ordered control.
+> The presence of an `ORDER BY` clause is NEVER evidence of correctness.**
+
+A guard that reads its own source text for the string `order(` would be a guard
+verifying its own intention rather than its effect — the exact failure class this
+codebase has corrected repeatedly. `tests/unit/readIntegrity.test.js` therefore
+asserts that a walk which HAS a stable order but still returns duplicates is
+reported **FAIL**.
+
+Corollary: **the control must validate itself.** If the ordered walk's distinct
+count does not equal the server's `count(*)`, the control is untrustworthy and the
+result is `CONTROL_INVALID` — never `PASS`. An instrument that cannot tell a clean
+reader from a broken control is not an instrument.
+
+---
+
+## 3. ENDPOINTS / SURFACE
+
+None. This is a developer instrument with no HTTP surface, no cron, no product
+behaviour. It reads; it writes nothing, anywhere.
+
+### Modules
+
+| file | role |
+|---|---|
+| `src/utils/readIntegrity.js` | PURE + injectable core. No Supabase import. |
+| `scripts/read-integrity.js` | CLI runner + the declarative registry of reader specs |
+| `src/services/model/withdrawnVerdicts.js` | append-only withdrawal record |
+
+### Data shapes
+
+A **reader spec** is declarative data, so the registry is auditable:
+
+```js
+{
+  id: 'prove-hit-factors:136',
+  source: 'scripts/prove-hit-factors.js:136',
+  table: 'ledger_entries',
+  select: 'id, player_key, stat, game_date',
+  key: ['id'],                       // identity columns for dedupe
+  order: 'id',                       // the control's stable order
+  filters: [
+    ['eq', 'sport', 'mlb'],
+    ['is', 'user_id', null],
+    ['in', 'outcome', ['hit', 'miss']],
+    ['not', 'p_win', 'is', null],
+  ],
+}
+```
+
+A **result**:
+
+```js
+{
+  id, source, table,
+  exact_count,                       // server count(*), the ground truth
+  pages,
+  unordered: { rows, distinct, duplicates, missing_vs_control, extra_vs_control },
+  ordered:   { rows, distinct, duplicates },
+  corruption_pct,                    // missing / exact_count
+  key_unique,                        // ordered.distinct === ordered.rows
+  control_valid,                     // ordered.distinct === exact_count
+  verdict,                           // PASS | FAIL | CONTROL_INVALID | KEY_NOT_UNIQUE | ERROR
+  reason,
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 4. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
+
+**AC1** — `analyze()` returns `PASS` only when `duplicates === 0 AND
+missing_vs_control === 0 AND control_valid`. Verified by unit test.
+
+**AC2** — An ordered walk that still returns duplicates reports `FAIL`. (The
+meta-scar guard: a clause is not a result.)
+
+**AC3** — `ordered.distinct !== exact_count` reports `CONTROL_INVALID`, never
+`PASS`.
+
+**AC4** — A non-unique key reports `KEY_NOT_UNIQUE` rather than counting
+legitimate data duplicates as walk corruption. (`batter_spray` keyed on
+`player_key|as_of_date` has 6 genuine duplicate keys; that is a data fact, not a
+pagination fault.)
+
+**AC5** — Reproduces the probe on live data: the hits ledger read reports
+corruption in the **16–25%** band; `challenger-scoreboard:112` reports **0%**.
+If the harness cannot reproduce both, it is not trustworthy and must not be used.
+
+**AC6** — `walk()` is generic over a `fetchPage(from, to)` function, so the unit
+tests never touch a network.
+
+**AC7** — The harness performs **zero writes**. No insert, update, upsert, delete,
+or DDL anywhere in `readIntegrity.js` or `read-integrity.js`.
+
+---
+
+## 5. TEST PLAN
+
+Unit (`tests/unit/readIntegrity.test.js`), all with fake page-fetchers:
+
+- clean walk → `PASS`
+- walk whose last page re-emits earlier rows (the measured production shape) →
+  `FAIL` with the exact duplicate/missing counts
+- **ordered-but-duplicating walk → `FAIL`** (AC2, the meta-scar)
+- ordered walk short of `exact_count` → `CONTROL_INVALID` (AC3)
+- non-unique key → `KEY_NOT_UNIQUE` (AC4)
+- `walk()` stops on a short page and on an empty page
+- `applyFilters` chains `eq/is/in/not/lt` in order onto a fake builder
+- a query error propagates as `ERROR`, never as end-of-data (the
+  `fromLedger:117` failure class — an error swallowed as "no more rows")
+
+Live (`scripts/read-integrity.js`): AC5 above, run against prod, read-only.
+
+---
+
+## 6. VERDICT WITHDRAWAL — WHAT IT IS AND IS NOT
+
+### Where standing verdicts actually live
+
+There is **no verdict table**. `featureRegistry.statVerdicts` is an in-memory
+`Map` (`featureRegistry.js:145`) that resets every process; `mc_test_ledger`
+stores hypothesis COUNTS for the Bonferroni denominator, not verdicts. The
+standing record is the `specs/` markdown plus `CLAUDE.md`.
+
+So the withdrawal is **appended as a committed record**
+(`src/services/model/withdrawnVerdicts.js` + this spec), never by editing or
+deleting a prior finding. The original verdicts stay exactly as recorded; the
+withdrawal sits beside them with its cause.
+
+### What is withdrawn
+
+| factor | stat | recorded verdict | now |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `defense_by_direction` | hits | PROVES, n=528, Brier −0.0034, CI [−0.0059,−0.0009] @99.9% | **WITHDRAWN_PENDING_REAUDIT** |
+| `pitcher_contact_profile` | hits | PROVES, n=741, Brier −0.0066, CI [−0.0114,−0.0016] @99.9% | **WITHDRAWN_PENDING_REAUDIT** |
+
+Cause, recorded verbatim on both: *drawn through an unordered-pagination reader;
+16.5–24.8% set corruption measured on the identical query 2026-08-09; distinct-n
+below the 500 floor for `defense_by_direction`; not retrospectively recoverable.*
+
+`defense_by_direction` additionally carries the eligibility note: at the measured
+~20% duplication its distinct n is ≈422 against `MIN_N = 500`, so it was likely
+**never eligible for adjudication at all**. This is arithmetic on the recorded n,
+not a re-measurement.
+
+### What withdrawal does NOT do
+
+It does **not** stop the factors moving the served forecast.
+`hitsFactors.js` hardcodes its three factors and consults no registry, so
+withdrawal is a record of what we may CLAIM, not a change to what we SERVE.
+Disarming or re-proving is a later order with its own blast radius.
+
+### Reinstatement
+
+A withdrawn verdict returns only by re-running its gate through readers that this
+harness reports `PASS` for, on the day of the run. Nothing is reinstated by
+argument.
+
+---
+
+## 7. THE FIX — `safePaginate` (Fix A1, 2026-08-09)
+
+`src/utils/safePaginate.js` is the one way this codebase walks a paginated
+PostgREST read. It closes both measured defects in a single call:
+
+```js
+const rows = await paginate(
+  () => sb.from('ledger_entries').select('id, …').eq('sport', 'mlb') /* … */,
+  { key: 'id', pageSize: 1000, label: 'caller(name)' },
+);
+```
+
+**Requirements it enforces**
+
+1. **Stable ORDER BY on a UNIQUE key.** An order on a non-unique column is NOT a
+   fix — ties may be returned in any order, so pages still overlap. Default `id`.
+2. **Uniqueness verified at runtime, not promised.** A repeated key mid-walk
+   means either a non-unique key or a scrambled read; both make the row set
+   unusable, so it THROWS rather than returning it. The harness PASS is
+   confirmation; this is the guard that runs every time.
+3. **A query error THROWS.** Never end-of-data. `paginate` takes a query
+   *factory* (builders are single-use) and reuses `readIntegrity.walk`, which is
+   already tested for short-page / empty-page / error / runaway behaviour — it
+   does not hand-roll a second walk.
+
+**Refusal is not a swallow.** A caller that responds to a throw by producing
+nothing (no calibrator, no map) is refusing honestly. A caller that continues
+with partial rows is repeating the defect. `null` from `fromLedger` means "not
+enough settled history"; a throw means "the read failed". Keeping those distinct
+is the point.
+
+### Measuring a FIXED reader
+
+A registry spec that restates the corrected query would verify the restatement,
+and a `fixed: true` flag would verify a comment. So a fixed reader supplies
+`readerRows` instead — a call into the **real production function**, whose
+actual output is compared to the ordered control. `arm_a` on the result reports
+which was used (`real_reader_function` vs `query_as_written`).
+
+### AC7 — A1 acceptance (met 2026-08-09)
+
+- `calibrationService.fromLedger:110` — **FAIL 24.8% → PASS (0 dup / 0 missing,
+  2,490 of 2,490)**, measured through `loadSettledRows`.
+- `lowParamService.fromLedger:78` — the byte-identical twin, deliberately NOT
+  fixed in A1, still measures **24.8%**. The harness kept its teeth; the PASS is
+  not an artefact of editing the registry.
diff --git a/src/config/modelVersion.js b/src/config/modelVersion.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..851e281
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/config/modelVersion.js
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * MODEL VERSION — ONE source, because two were not the same.
+ *
+ * ── WHAT WENT WRONG ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ * `ledgerService` and `retentionService` both read `process.env.MODEL_VERSION`,
+ * and both carried a HARDCODED DEFAULT — but different ones:
+ *
+ *     ledgerService.js:57     … || 'engine1@2026-07-20'
+ *     retentionService.js:59  … || 'engine1@2026-08-07-fullwindow'
+ *
+ * Production does not set the env var, so the two tables took different
+ * defaults. The 2026-08-07 champion repair bumped one and left the other behind.
+ * Result: `model_snapshots` carried the repaired marker on 34,128 rows while
+ * `ledger_entries` carried the OLD marker on all 15,739 — including rows graded
+ * by the repaired champion.
+ *
+ * That is not a cosmetic mismatch. `reAuditEligibility.isEligible` requires
+ * `model_version === REPAIRED_CHAMPION_VERSION`, so applied to the ledger it
+ * returned ZERO eligible rows and ZERO eligible dates, permanently, for all four
+ * pending measurements. The accrual clock read "blocked" when the real state was
+ * "mis-stamped".
+ *
+ * ── THE RULE ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ * There is exactly one place a model version may be declared. Anything that
+ * stamps a row imports it from here. A default that lives next to its consumer
+ * will drift from the other consumer, and the drift is invisible because both
+ * sides look locally correct.
+ *
+ * ── WHAT THIS DOES NOT DO ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ * It does not re-stamp history. Rows already written keep the marker they were
+ * written with — rewriting them would destroy the one record of which forecast
+ * actually produced them, which is the thing the marker exists to preserve. Old
+ * rows stay honestly old; a backfill is a separate, explicit decision.
+ */
+
+/** The version every NEW row is stamped with. Override with MODEL_VERSION. */
+const MODEL_VERSION = process.env.MODEL_VERSION || 'engine1@2026-08-07-fullwindow';
+
+/**
+ * Rows at or after this marker were produced by the repaired champion and are
+ * eligible for forward re-audit.
+ *
+ * Deliberately NOT `MODEL_VERSION`: the eligibility bar is a fixed historical
+ * fact about a specific repair, and tying it to "whatever we stamp today" would
+ * make every future version silently re-qualify itself.
+ */
+const REPAIRED_CHAMPION_VERSION = 'engine1@2026-08-07-fullwindow';
+
+/** The marker that preceded the repair — kept so old rows are nameable. */
+const PRE_REPAIR_VERSION = 'engine1@2026-07-20';
+
+module.exports = { MODEL_VERSION, REPAIRED_CHAMPION_VERSION, PRE_REPAIR_VERSION };
diff --git a/src/services/gradeSlateService.js b/src/services/gradeSlateService.js
index f54601f..379e4f4 100644
--- a/src/services/gradeSlateService.js
+++ b/src/services/gradeSlateService.js
@@ -101,8 +101,15 @@ async function gradeBestSide(grade, prop, sport, opts = {}) {
   // previously computed downstream of the grade it should inform.
   const factorContext = typeof opts.factorContext === 'function'
     ? opts.factorContext(prop, sport) : null;
+  // FIX A6 — the SHADOW pair. `factor_context` (above) is the LIVE context and
+  // is unchanged; these two let the engine compute what the factors WOULD do
+  // with the join keys, and freeze it. Neither reaches the served forecast.
+  const matchupKeys = typeof opts.matchupKeys === 'function'
+    ? opts.matchupKeys(prop, sport) : null;
   const base = {
     factor_context: factorContext,
+    factor_context_resolver: typeof opts.factorContext === 'function' ? opts.factorContext : null,
+    matchup_keys: matchupKeys,
     player: prop.player,
     stat_type: prop.stat_type,
     line: prop.line,
diff --git a/src/services/intelligence/analyzeViaEngine1.js b/src/services/intelligence/analyzeViaEngine1.js
index 43c654c..5122037 100644
--- a/src/services/intelligence/analyzeViaEngine1.js
+++ b/src/services/intelligence/analyzeViaEngine1.js
@@ -567,6 +567,27 @@ async function analyzeViaEngine1(rawProp = {}) {
           pOver = adj.p_adjusted;
           factorTrace = { multiplier: adj.multiplier, applied: adj.applied, skipped: adj.skipped, p_before: adj.p_base };
         }
+        // ── FIX A5 — FREEZE THE INPUTS, NOT THE OUTPUT ──────────────────
+        // Captured from the SAME context object the factor was just handed, in
+        // the same pass, so the recorded value cannot drift from the used one.
+        // Purely additive: it reads `rawProp.factor_context` and writes a field.
+        // `pOver` above is untouched by this block, so the served grade cannot
+        // move — a freeze records, it does not compute.
+        try {
+          const ffz = require('../model/factorFreeze');
+          // ── FIX A6 — SHADOW RESOLVE ──────────────────────────────────
+          // With the join keys the factors CAN fire. We compute what they
+          // WOULD apply and FREEZE it. `pOver` is not touched by this block:
+          // turning them on for real is a separate, gated decision.
+          let shadow = null;
+          const keys = rawProp.matchup_keys || null;
+          if (keys && (keys.opponent || keys.opposing_pitcher)
+              && typeof rawProp.factor_context_resolver === 'function') {
+            const shadowCtx = rawProp.factor_context_resolver(rawProp, rawProp.sport, keys);
+            if (shadowCtx) shadow = ffz.shadowBlock(shadowCtx, hf.hitsFactorMultiplier(shadowCtx), keys);
+          }
+          legacy.factor_inputs = ffz.freeze(rawProp.factor_context, rawProp, shadow);
+        } catch { /* recording must never break a grade either */ }
       } catch { /* a factor must never break the grade */ }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/services/ledgerService.js b/src/services/ledgerService.js
index 1257aed..01e40d9 100644
--- a/src/services/ledgerService.js
+++ b/src/services/ledgerService.js
@@ -54,7 +54,11 @@ const SETTLE_ATTEMPT_CAP = Number(process.env.SETTLE_ATTEMPT_CAP || 4);
 // from originals and the harness can filter by how a row was scored.
 const SETTLEMENT_VERSION = Number(process.env.SETTLEMENT_VERSION || 2);
 const settleSource = require('./settleSource');
-const MODEL_ERA_VERSION = process.env.MODEL_VERSION || 'engine1@2026-07-20';
+// FIX A3 — ONE SOURCE. This used to default to 'engine1@2026-07-20' while
+// retentionService defaulted to the repaired version, so the same env var
+// produced two different stamps and no ledger row ever carried the marker
+// `reAuditEligibility` requires. Never re-declare a version default here.
+const { MODEL_VERSION: MODEL_ERA_VERSION } = require('../config/modelVersion');
 // Order Zero — which fair-probability RULER produced fair_prob_lock. It is the
 // denominator of every edge and CLV number, so a value computed under one ruler
 // is not the same measurement as one computed under another. Never pool across
diff --git a/src/services/model/calibrationService.js b/src/services/model/calibrationService.js
index 31f0bdc..0317075 100644
--- a/src/services/model/calibrationService.js
+++ b/src/services/model/calibrationService.js
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
  */
 
 const cal = require('./calibration');
+const { paginate } = require('../../utils/safePaginate');
 const { knownNumber } = require('../../utils/known');
 
 /** Default: hold out the most recent quarter of history to certify on. */
@@ -100,24 +101,54 @@ function build(settled, opts = {}) {
  * Injectable for tests; returns null rather than a permissive fallback, because
  * "no calibrator" must mean "nothing is stackable", not "pass the raw numbers
  * through".
+ *
+ * ── FIX A1 (2026-08-09) — THIS READ WAS 24.8% CORRUPT ────────────────────
+ * It walked pages with `.range()` and NO ORDER BY, and swallowed a query error
+ * as end-of-data. Measured on production: 617 of 2,490 rows returned twice and
+ * an equal number never returned, while `rows.length` matched the server count
+ * exactly. A map fitted on that is fitted on a sample where a fifth of the
+ * history is double-weighted and another fifth is absent.
+ *
+ * Both defects are now `safePaginate`: a stable ORDER BY on the unique `id`
+ * (an order on a non-unique column is not a fix — ties still scramble), plus a
+ * thrown error instead of a silent stop.
+ *
+ * A THROW IS NOT A NULL HERE, AND THE DIFFERENCE IS LOAD-BEARING. `null` means
+ * "not enough settled history to fit" — a real, expected state. A throw means
+ * "the read failed", which used to be indistinguishable from the first. It
+ * propagates so a caller can never mistake a broken read for thin history and
+ * quietly serve a map built on a fragment.
  */
-async function fromLedger(sb, { sport = 'mlb', stat = 'hits', before = null, ...opts } = {}) {
-  if (!sb) return null;
-  const cutoff = before || new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-CA', {
+function todayEt() {
+  return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-CA', {
     timeZone: 'America/New_York', year: 'numeric', month: '2-digit', day: '2-digit',
   }).format(new Date());
-  const rows = [];
-  for (let from = 0; ; from += 1000) {
-    const { data, error } = await sb.from('ledger_entries')
-      .select('p_win, outcome, game_date, quarantine_reason')
+}
+
+/**
+ * The ROW LOAD, exported so the read-integrity harness can measure THE REAL
+ * FUNCTION rather than a re-declaration of its query.
+ *
+ * That distinction is the whole point of the harness: a spec that restates the
+ * query would verify the restatement, and a flag saying "this one is fixed now"
+ * would verify a comment. The harness calls this.
+ */
+async function loadSettledRows(sb, { sport = 'mlb', stat = 'hits', before = null } = {}) {
+  const cutoff = before || todayEt();
+  return paginate(
+    () => sb.from('ledger_entries')
+      .select('id, p_win, outcome, game_date, quarantine_reason')
       .eq('sport', sport).is('user_id', null).eq('stat', stat)
       .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null)
-      .lt('game_date', cutoff)                 // STRICTLY before — the whole point
-      .range(from, from + 999);
-    if (error || !data || data.length === 0) break;
-    rows.push(...data);
-    if (data.length < 1000) break;
-  }
+      .lt('game_date', cutoff),                // STRICTLY before — the whole point
+    { key: 'id', pageSize: 1000, label: `calibrationService.fromLedger(${sport}/${stat})` },
+  );
+}
+
+async function fromLedger(sb, { sport = 'mlb', stat = 'hits', before = null, ...opts } = {}) {
+  if (!sb) return null;
+  const cutoff = before || todayEt();
+  const rows = await loadSettledRows(sb, { sport, stat, before: cutoff });
   const clean = rows
     .filter((r) => !(r.quarantine_reason || '').startsWith('nontakeable_book'))
     .map((r) => ({ p: Number(r.p_win), won: r.outcome === 'hit' ? 1 : 0, date: String(r.game_date) }));
@@ -125,4 +156,4 @@ async function fromLedger(sb, { sport = 'mlb', stat = 'hits', before = null, ...
   return built ? { ...built, cutoff } : null;
 }
 
-module.exports = { build, fromLedger, HOLDOUT_FRACTION, MIN_FIT };
+module.exports = { build, fromLedger, loadSettledRows, HOLDOUT_FRACTION, MIN_FIT };
diff --git a/src/services/model/factorFreeze.js b/src/services/model/factorFreeze.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e68d7b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/services/model/factorFreeze.js
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * factorFreeze — record WHAT THE FACTOR READ, at the moment it read it.
+ *
+ * Spec: specs/read-integrity-harness.md §10
+ *
+ * ── WHY ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ * A4 established that a re-audit joining today's context to a past grade is
+ * contamination, and fixed it with an as-of cutoff. But an as-of join still
+ * RECONSTRUCTS: it asks "what would the context have been" rather than "what did
+ * the grader actually see". Those differ whenever a context table was refreshed
+ * late, backfilled, or corrected. The only way a row becomes independently
+ * checkable is if it carries its own inputs.
+ *
+ * ── INPUTS, NEVER OUTPUTS ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ * This freezes the RAW values the factor consumed — spray shares, the opposing
+ * team's positional OAA, the pitcher's hard-hit rate, the platoon split counts,
+ * handedness — and deliberately NOT the resulting multiplier. A stored
+ * multiplier is unfalsifiable: it can only be compared to itself. Stored inputs
+ * can be re-run through `hitsFactors` and the answer checked, which is what
+ * makes an audit an audit. `recompute()` below exists precisely so that check is
+ * one call.
+ *
+ * ── IT RECORDS ABSENCE AS ABSENCE ────────────────────────────────────────
+ * Measured on 596 real graded hits props (2026-08-10): `positionOaa`, `throws`
+ * and `pitcherHardHit` resolved on ZERO of them, because nothing in the pipeline
+ * ever sets `prop.opponent` or `prop.opposing_pitcher` — the two join keys the
+ * resolver needs. All three factors were skipped on 596/596 and the multiplier
+ * was exactly 1 every time.
+ *
+ * So today this vector mostly freezes nulls, and that is the correct behaviour:
+ * it is the evidence that the factors are wired but inert. `available` records
+ * what COULD have been joined from the row, so a later order can measure what
+ * plumbing those keys would change before changing it. `available` is never fed
+ * to a factor — reading it here would silently alter the served grade.
+ */
+
+const { knownNumber } = require('../../utils/known');
+
+/** Version the shape, so a later change is distinguishable from a null. */
+const FREEZE_VERSION = 'hits-factors@1';
+
+const num = (v) => knownNumber(v);
+
+/** The spray shares a defence read consumes — raw, not the multiplier. */
+function sprayInputs(spray) {
+  if (!spray) return null;
+  return {
+    as_of: spray.as_of_date || null,
+    pull_gb: num(spray.pull_gb), straight_gb: num(spray.straight_gb), oppo_gb: num(spray.oppo_gb),
+    pull_air: num(spray.pull_air), straight_air: num(spray.straight_air), oppo_air: num(spray.oppo_air),
+  };
+}
+
+/** Platoon split counts — the raw PAs and hits, so severity is re-derivable. */
+function platoonInputs(splits) {
+  if (!splits) return null;
+  const side = (s) => (s ? { pa: num(s.pa), ab: num(s.atBats), hits: num(s.hits) } : null);
+  return { vl: side(splits.vl), vr: side(splits.vr) };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build the frozen vector from the SAME context object the factor was handed.
+ *
+ * @param {object} ctx   the resolved factor context (exactly what hitsFactors got)
+ * @param {object} prop  the graded prop, for the join keys as they stood
+ */
+/**
+ * FIX A6 — the SHADOW would-fire block.
+ *
+ * With the join keys resolved, the factors CAN compute. This records what they
+ * WOULD have applied, namespaced under `would_fire`, and it is never added to
+ * the served forecast. It is evidence for a later, gated decision — not a grade.
+ *
+ * `multiplier` is stored here (unlike the inputs rule) because the shadow inputs
+ * are stored ALONGSIDE it under `shadow_inputs`, so it stays recomputable and
+ * checkable. A number you cannot re-derive is the thing that rule forbids.
+ */
+function shadowBlock(shadowCtx, applied, keys) {
+  if (!shadowCtx || !applied) return null;
+  return {
+    keys: {
+      opponent: (keys && keys.opponent) || null,
+      opposing_pitcher: (keys && keys.opposing_pitcher) || null,
+      source: (keys && keys.source) || null,
+      refused: (keys && keys.refused) || null,
+    },
+    multiplier: applied.multiplier,
+    factors_fired: applied.factors_fired,
+    per_factor: applied.applied.map((a) => ({ factor: a.factor, multiplier: a.multiplier })),
+    skipped: applied.skipped.map((sk) => sk.factor),
+    shadow_inputs: {
+      position_oaa: shadowCtx.positionOaa || null,
+      throws: shadowCtx.throws || null,
+      pitcher_hard_hit: knownNumber(shadowCtx.pitcherHardHit),
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function freeze(ctx, prop = {}, shadow = null) {
+  if (!ctx) return null;
+  return {
+    v: FREEZE_VERSION,
+    as_of: ctx.as_of || null,
+
+    // ── the join keys, as the RESOLVER saw them ──
+    // Null here is the finding, not an omission: nothing sets these, so every
+    // opponent-side and pitcher-side input below is null as a consequence.
+    join: {
+      opponent: prop.opponent || prop.opp_team || null,
+      opposing_pitcher: prop.opposing_pitcher || null,
+    },
+
+    // ── the raw inputs each factor consumed ──
+    spray: sprayInputs(ctx.spray),
+    position_oaa: ctx.positionOaa || null,
+    bats: ctx.bats || null,
+    throws: ctx.throws || null,
+    pitcher_hard_hit: num(ctx.pitcherHardHit),
+    platoon: platoonInputs(ctx.platoonSplits),
+
+    // Carried from the graded row, never invented (A4).
+    archetype: ctx.archetype || null,
+
+    // ── WHAT WAS AVAILABLE BUT NOT USED ──
+    // Recorded so a later order can measure the effect of plumbing the join keys
+    // BEFORE it changes a served number. Never read by a factor.
+    available: {
+      team: prop.team || null,
+      game_id: prop.game_id || null,
+      game_date: prop.game_date || null,
+    },
+
+    // SHADOW ONLY (A6). Never read by the served grade.
+    would_fire: shadow || null,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Re-run the factors from a FROZEN vector.
+ *
+ * This is the whole point of freezing inputs rather than a multiplier: an audit
+ * can recompute and compare. Returns the same shape `hitsFactorMultiplier` does.
+ */
+function recompute(frozen, deps = {}) {
+  if (!frozen) return null;
+  const hf = deps.hitsFactors || require('./hitsFactors');
+  return hf.hitsFactorMultiplier({
+    spray: frozen.spray,
+    positionOaa: frozen.position_oaa,
+    bats: frozen.bats,
+    throws: frozen.throws,
+    pitcherHardHit: frozen.pitcher_hard_hit,
+    platoonSplits: frozen.platoon
+      ? {
+        vl: frozen.platoon.vl ? { pa: frozen.platoon.vl.pa, atBats: frozen.platoon.vl.ab, hits: frozen.platoon.vl.hits } : null,
+        vr: frozen.platoon.vr ? { pa: frozen.platoon.vr.pa, atBats: frozen.platoon.vr.ab, hits: frozen.platoon.vr.hits } : null,
+      }
+      : null,
+  });
+}
+
+module.exports = { freeze, recompute, shadowBlock, FREEZE_VERSION, sprayInputs, platoonInputs };
diff --git a/src/services/model/hitsFactorContext.js b/src/services/model/hitsFactorContext.js
index 225c061..6d3ad45 100644
--- a/src/services/model/hitsFactorContext.js
+++ b/src/services/model/hitsFactorContext.js
@@ -14,10 +14,38 @@
  * Every load is best-effort: a missing table yields an empty index, the factor
  * finds nothing readable, and the forecast is served unadjusted. A factor layer
  * must never be able to break the pipeline it rides in.
+ *
+ * ── AS-OF (Fix A4) ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ * These tables are dated snapshots — one row per entity per day. Without a
+ * cutoff, `latestBy` returns TODAY'S row, so re-auditing a 2026-08-07 grade
+ * would join a profile built from games played AFTER it. That is contamination
+ * through a perfectly clean read, and it is the reason a re-audit could not be
+ * trusted even once A1/A2b made every reader return the rows it thinks.
+ *
+ * `opts.asOf` bounds every dated read to `as_of_date <= asOf` and then takes the
+ * latest WITHIN that bound.
+ *
+ * REFUSAL OVER RECONSTRUCTION. If an entity has no row at or before `asOf`, its
+ * factor input is null and the factor does not apply — the base rate is left
+ * untouched. It NEVER falls back to the nearest or the latest row: a substituted
+ * row is a plausible wrong value wearing a date, which is worse than an absence
+ * because nothing downstream can see it.
+ *
+ * THE LIVE PATH IS UNTOUCHED. With no `asOf` the code below runs exactly as it
+ * did — same tables, same filters, same indexes — so the served grade cannot
+ * move. Only an explicitly dated call takes the audit path.
+ *
+ * STATCAST IS THE EXCEPTION THAT PROVES THE RULE. `statcast_aggregates` is
+ * upserted in place and keeps ONE as-of date, so it cannot answer an as-of
+ * question at all; the dated path reads `statcast_history` instead. Verified
+ * equivalent at the head: on 2026-08-09 the two agree on all 1,414 rows with 0
+ * differences, so switching sources does not itself move a number.
  */
 
 const { knownNumber } = require('../../utils/known');
 const { nameKey } = require('../../utils/playerName');
+const { paginate } = require('../../utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../../utils/tableKeys');
 
 /** Rows a factor table must have before we trust it at all. */
 const MIN_ROWS = 1;
@@ -32,20 +60,18 @@ const MIN_ROWS = 1;
  * wiring fault has worn the costume of an honest absence, so the error is now
  * surfaced rather than swallowed.
  */
-async function page(sb, table, select, orderBy, apply) {
-  const out = [];
-  for (let from = 0; ; from += 1000) {
-    const q = apply ? apply(sb.from(table).select(select)) : sb.from(table).select(select);
-    const { data, error } = await q.order(orderBy, { ascending: true }).range(from, from + 999);
-    if (error) throw new Error(`${table}: ${error.message}`);
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) break;
-    out.push(...data);
-    if (data.length < 1000) break;
-  }
-  return out;
+async function page(sb, table, select, apply) {
+  return paginate(() => (apply ? apply(sb.from(table).select(select)) : sb.from(table).select(select)),
+    { key: uniqueKeyFor(table), pageSize: 1000, label: `hitsFactorContext:${table}` });
 }
 
-/** Keep the most recent dated row per key. */
+/**
+ * Keep the most recent dated row per key.
+ *
+ * With an as-of bound applied at the query, every row here is already at or
+ * before the cutoff, so "most recent" IS "the as-of row". An entity with no row
+ * in the bounded set simply never enters the map — which is the refusal.
+ */
 function latestBy(rows, keyFn, dateFn) {
   const m = new Map();
   for (const r of rows) {
@@ -63,13 +89,25 @@ function latestBy(rows, keyFn, dateFn) {
  */
 async function build(sb, opts = {}) {
   if (!sb) return null;
+  // null === LIVE. Only an explicitly dated call takes the audit path, so the
+  // served grade runs the same code it ran before this parameter existed.
+  const asOf = opts.asOf ? String(opts.asOf) : null;
+  const dated = (q) => (asOf ? q.lte('as_of_date', asOf) : q);
+
   let spray; let defense; let platoon; let statcast;
   try {
     [spray, defense, platoon, statcast] = await Promise.all([
-      page(sb, 'batter_spray', '*', 'player_key', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb')),
-      page(sb, 'team_defense', '*', 'team', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb')),
-      page(sb, 'platoon_splits', '*', 'player_key', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb')),
-      page(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', 'player_key, source_id, role, bats, throws, hard_hit_pct', 'player_key', (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb')),
+      page(sb, 'batter_spray', '*', (q) => dated(q.eq('sport', 'mlb'))),
+      page(sb, 'team_defense', '*', (q) => dated(q.eq('sport', 'mlb'))),
+      page(sb, 'platoon_splits', '*', (q) => dated(q.eq('sport', 'mlb'))),
+      // `statcast_aggregates` holds ONE as-of date (upserted in place), so it
+      // cannot answer an as-of question; the dated path reads the retained
+      // history instead.
+      asOf
+        ? page(sb, 'statcast_history', 'player_key, source_id, role, bats, throws, hard_hit_pct, as_of_date',
+          (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb').lte('as_of_date', asOf))
+        : page(sb, 'statcast_aggregates', 'player_key, source_id, role, bats, throws, hard_hit_pct',
+          (q) => q.eq('sport', 'mlb')),
     ]);
   } catch (e) {
     // Surfaced, not silent: a load failure must be distinguishable from a feed
@@ -83,9 +121,16 @@ async function build(sb, opts = {}) {
   const defBy = latestBy(defense, (r) => r.team, (r) => r.as_of_date);
   const platBy = latestBy(platoon, (r) => r.player_key, (r) => r.as_of_date);
 
+  // On the dated path several as-of rows per player are in scope, so collapse to
+  // the latest WITHIN the bound before indexing. On the live path there is
+  // exactly one row per player and this is a no-op.
+  const statcastLatest = asOf
+    ? [...latestBy(statcast, (r) => `${r.source_id}|${r.role}`, (r) => r.as_of_date).values()]
+    : statcast;
+
   const batBy = new Map();
   const pitBy = new Map();
-  for (const r of statcast) {
+  for (const r of statcastLatest) {
     if (!r.player_key) continue;
     if (r.role === 'pitcher') pitBy.set(r.player_key, r);
     else batBy.set(r.player_key, r);
@@ -98,17 +143,28 @@ async function build(sb, opts = {}) {
     return n > 1 ? n / 100 : n;
   };
 
-  const resolver = (prop) => {
+  /**
+   * @param {object} prop
+   * @param {string} [sport]
+   * @param {object} [keys]  FIX A6 — externally resolved { opponent,
+   *   opposing_pitcher }. Omitted on the LIVE path, so live behaviour is
+   *   byte-identical to before this argument existed; supplied only by the
+   *   SHADOW resolve, which never reaches the served grade.
+   */
+  const resolver = (prop, sport, keys) => {
     const key = nameKey(prop && prop.player);
     if (!key) return null;
     const bat = batBy.get(key);
     const bats = bat && bat.bats ? String(bat.bats)[0] : null;
 
-    // The opposing team and its starter, from whatever the prop carries.
-    const oppName = prop && (prop.opponent || prop.opp_team || null);
+    // The opposing team and its starter. `keys` wins when supplied; otherwise
+    // this reads what the prop carries, which is what it has always done — and
+    // what nothing ever sets (A5).
+    const oppName = (keys && keys.opponent) || (prop && (prop.opponent || prop.opp_team)) || null;
     const def = oppName ? (defBy.get(oppName) || defBy.get(String(oppName).split(' ').pop())) : null;
 
-    const pitKey = prop && prop.opposing_pitcher ? nameKey(prop.opposing_pitcher) : null;
+    const pitName = (keys && keys.opposing_pitcher) || (prop && prop.opposing_pitcher) || null;
+    const pitKey = pitName ? nameKey(pitName) : null;
     const pit = pitKey ? pitBy.get(pitKey) : null;
 
     const sp = platBy.get(key);
@@ -124,6 +180,12 @@ async function build(sb, opts = {}) {
       throws: pit && pit.throws ? String(pit.throws)[0] : null,
       pitcherHardHit: pit ? asFraction(pit.hard_hit_pct) : null,
       platoonSplits: splits,
+      // Carried, never invented. The archetype lives on the graded row
+      // (`model_snapshots.archetype`), not in any context table, so an audit
+      // caller supplies it and this passes it through for per-archetype
+      // conditioning. Absent stays absent.
+      archetype: (prop && prop.archetype) || null,
+      as_of: asOf,
     };
     // Nothing readable at all -> null, so the engine skips the factor block
     // entirely rather than walking an empty context.
@@ -131,7 +193,11 @@ async function build(sb, opts = {}) {
     return anything ? ctx : null;
   };
 
+  resolver.asOf = asOf;
   resolver.__stats = {
+    as_of: asOf,
+    mode: asOf ? 'as-of (audit)' : 'live',
+    statcast_source: asOf ? 'statcast_history' : 'statcast_aggregates',
     spray_players: sprayBy.size,
     defense_teams: defBy.size,
     platoon_players: platBy.size,
diff --git a/src/services/model/lowParamService.js b/src/services/model/lowParamService.js
index 7c55d88..e471b03 100644
--- a/src/services/model/lowParamService.js
+++ b/src/services/model/lowParamService.js
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 const lp = require('./lowParamCalibrator');
 const cal = require('./calibration');
+const { paginate } = require('../../utils/safePaginate');
 const { knownNumber } = require('../../utils/known');
 
 const MIN_FIT = 200;
@@ -74,24 +75,44 @@ function build(rows, opts = {}) {
   };
 }
 
+function todayEt() {
+  return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-CA', {
+    timeZone: 'America/New_York', year: 'numeric', month: '2-digit', day: '2-digit',
+  }).format(new Date());
+}
+
+/**
+ * The ROW LOAD — exported so the read-integrity harness measures THE REAL
+ * FUNCTION rather than a restatement of its query.
+ *
+ * ── FIX A2 (2026-08-09) — THIS READ WAS 24.8% CORRUPT ────────────────────
+ * This is the PRIMARY calibrator (calibrationService is only its shadow), and it
+ * carried the byte-identical defect A1 fixed there: an unordered `.range()` walk,
+ * plus `if (error || !data) break` swallowing a failed read as end-of-data.
+ * Measured on production: 617 of 2,490 rows returned twice, an equal number never
+ * returned, with `rows.length` matching the server count exactly.
+ *
+ * Both are now `safePaginate` on the unique `id`. A throw means the read failed;
+ * `null` from `fromLedger` still means "not enough settled history to fit". Those
+ * are different states and collapsing them is what hid the defect.
+ */
+async function loadSettledRows(sb, { sport = 'mlb', stat = 'hits', before = null } = {}) {
+  const cutoff = before || todayEt();
+  return paginate(
+    () => sb.from('ledger_entries')
+      .select('id, p_win, outcome, game_date, quarantine_reason')
+      .eq('sport', sport).is('user_id', null).eq('stat', stat)
+      .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null)
+      .lt('game_date', cutoff),
+    { key: 'id', pageSize: 1000, label: `lowParamService.fromLedger(${sport}/${stat})` },
+  );
+}
+
 /** Load settled history and build, POINT-IN-TIME (strictly before today). */
 async function fromLedger(sb, { sport = 'mlb', stat = 'hits', before = null, ...opts } = {}) {
   if (!sb) return null;
-  const cutoff = before || new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-CA', {
-    timeZone: 'America/New_York', year: 'numeric', month: '2-digit', day: '2-digit',
-  }).format(new Date());
-  const rows = [];
-  for (let from = 0; ; from += 1000) {
-    const { data, error } = await sb.from('ledger_entries')
-      .select('p_win, outcome, game_date, quarantine_reason')
-      .eq('sport', sport).is('user_id', null).eq('stat', stat)
-      .in('outcome', ['hit', 'miss']).not('p_win', 'is', null)
-      .lt('game_date', cutoff)
-      .range(from, from + 999);
-    if (error || !data || data.length === 0) break;
-    rows.push(...data);
-    if (data.length < 1000) break;
-  }
+  const cutoff = before || todayEt();
+  const rows = await loadSettledRows(sb, { sport, stat, before: cutoff });
   const clean = rows
     .filter((r) => !(r.quarantine_reason || '').startsWith('nontakeable_book'))
     .map((r) => ({ p: Number(r.p_win), won: r.outcome === 'hit' ? 1 : 0, date: String(r.game_date) }));
@@ -99,4 +120,4 @@ async function fromLedger(sb, { sport = 'mlb', stat = 'hits', before = null, ...
   return built ? { ...built, cutoff } : null;
 }
 
-module.exports = { build, fromLedger, MIN_FIT, HOLDOUT_FRACTION };
+module.exports = { build, fromLedger, loadSettledRows, MIN_FIT, HOLDOUT_FRACTION };
diff --git a/src/services/model/matchupKeys.js b/src/services/model/matchupKeys.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f537aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/services/model/matchupKeys.js
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * matchupKeys — resolve the two join keys the hits factors have always needed.
+ *
+ * Spec: specs/read-integrity-harness.md §11
+ *
+ * ── WHY THIS EXISTS ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ * A5 measured that all three hits factors are skipped on 596/596 real props,
+ * because `hitsFactorContext` reads `prop.opponent` and `prop.opposing_pitcher`
+ * and NOTHING in the pipeline ever sets them. The matchup model is built and
+ * disconnected; these are the two wires.
+ *
+ * ── AT GRADE TIME, THE GAME HAS NOT HAPPENED ─────────────────────────────
+ * `prove-hit-factors` resolves the opponent from each hitter's own GAME LOG,
+ * which is correct for auditing a settled row and useless before first pitch —
+ * tonight's game is not in the log yet. So the grade-time source is the pair the
+ * schedule already publishes:
+ *
+ *   player -> team      `lineup_context` (as-of dated, one row per posted lineup)
+ *   team   -> matchup   `getScheduleWithPitchers(gameDate)` (probable pitchers)
+ *
+ * Both are as-of-correct by construction: the lineup read is bounded by
+ * `as_of_date <= asOf` exactly like A4's context reads, and a probable pitcher is
+ * a pre-game fact.
+ *
+ * ── REFUSAL OVER GUESSING ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ * A prop whose player has no posted lineup row, or whose game has no probable
+ * pitcher, resolves to NULL. It does NOT fall back to "the other team in the
+ * prop's game_id" — a prop carries `home_team` and `away_team`, so guessing
+ * which side a hitter bats for would be right about half the time and wrong
+ * invisibly. A guessed opponent would feed the defence factor a real team's
+ * fielders against the wrong hitter, which is worse than not firing.
+ */
+
+const { paginate } = require('../../utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../../utils/tableKeys');
+const { nameKey } = require('../../utils/playerName');
+
+/** Keep the latest dated row per key within an as-of bound. */
+function latestBy(rows, keyFn, dateFn) {
+  const m = new Map();
+  for (const r of rows) {
+    const k = keyFn(r);
+    if (!k) continue;
+    const prev = m.get(k);
+    if (!prev || String(dateFn(r)) > String(dateFn(prev))) m.set(k, r);
+  }
+  return m;
+}
+
+/** Normalise a team name for matching across feeds ("Chicago Cubs" vs "Cubs"). */
+function teamForms(name) {
+  const s = String(name || '').trim();
+  if (!s) return [];
+  const last = s.split(' ').pop();
+  return [...new Set([s, last])];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build the per-slate index.
+ *
+ * @param {object} deps
+ *  - sb            supabase client (for lineup_context)
+ *  - getSchedule   async (date) => [{ home:{team,probablePitcher}, away:{...} }]
+ *  - gameDate      'YYYY-MM-DD'
+ *  - asOf          as-of bound for the lineup read (default: gameDate)
+ * @returns {object|null} { resolve(prop), stats } — null when nothing loaded
+ */
+async function build(deps = {}) {
+  const { sb, getSchedule, gameDate } = deps;
+  if (!sb || !getSchedule || !gameDate) return null;
+  const asOf = deps.asOf || gameDate;
+
+  let lineups = [];
+  let games = [];
+  try {
+    [lineups, games] = await Promise.all([
+      paginate(() => sb.from('lineup_context')
+        .select('as_of_date, game_date, sport, game_pk, team, side, player_key')
+        .eq('sport', 'mlb').eq('game_date', gameDate).lte('as_of_date', asOf),
+      { key: uniqueKeyFor('lineup_context'), pageSize: 1000, label: 'matchupKeys:lineup_context' }),
+      getSchedule(gameDate),
+    ]);
+  } catch (e) {
+    // Surfaced, never swallowed as an empty feed (the recurring costume).
+    console.warn('[matchupKeys] load FAILED (not an empty feed):', e.message);
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // player -> the team he is posted to bat for, as of the cutoff
+  const teamByPlayer = latestBy(lineups, (r) => r.player_key, (r) => r.as_of_date);
+
+  // team -> { opponent, opposing_pitcher }
+  const matchup = new Map();
+  for (const g of games || []) {
+    const h = g && g.home; const a = g && g.away;
+    if (!h || !a || !h.team || !a.team) continue;
+    const put = (side, other) => {
+      const sp = other.probablePitcher && other.probablePitcher.name ? other.probablePitcher.name : null;
+      for (const form of teamForms(side.team)) {
+        if (!matchup.has(form)) matchup.set(form, { opponent: other.team, opposing_pitcher: sp });
+      }
+    };
+    put(h, a);
+    put(a, h);
+  }
+
+  const stats = {
+    game_date: gameDate,
+    as_of: asOf,
+    lineup_players: teamByPlayer.size,
+    scheduled_games: (games || []).length,
+    teams_with_matchup: matchup.size,
+    games_with_both_probables: (games || []).filter((g) => g && g.home && g.away
+      && g.home.probablePitcher && g.away.probablePitcher).length,
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {object} { opponent, opposing_pitcher, source, refused }
+   *          Nulls are refusals — never a guess from the prop's two teams.
+   */
+  function resolve(prop) {
+    const key = nameKey(prop && (prop.player || prop.player_name));
+    const empty = { opponent: null, opposing_pitcher: null, source: null, refused: 'no_lineup_row' };
+    if (!key) return { ...empty, refused: 'no_player' };
+    const lu = teamByPlayer.get(key);
+    if (!lu || !lu.team) return empty;
+    const m = matchup.get(lu.team) || matchup.get(String(lu.team).split(' ').pop());
+    if (!m) return { opponent: null, opposing_pitcher: null, source: null, refused: 'team_not_in_schedule' };
+    return {
+      opponent: m.opponent || null,
+      opposing_pitcher: m.opposing_pitcher || null,
+      team: lu.team,
+      source: 'lineup_context+schedule',
+      refused: m.opposing_pitcher ? null : 'no_probable_pitcher',
+    };
+  }
+
+  resolve.stats = stats;
+  return resolve;
+}
+
+module.exports = { build, teamForms, latestBy };
diff --git a/src/services/model/withdrawnVerdicts.js b/src/services/model/withdrawnVerdicts.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a6da9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/services/model/withdrawnVerdicts.js
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * WITHDRAWN VERDICTS — the append-only record of findings we can no longer stand behind.
+ *
+ * Spec: specs/read-integrity-harness.md §6
+ *
+ * WHY THIS FILE EXISTS AS A FILE: there is no verdict table.
+ * `featureRegistry.statVerdicts` is an in-memory Map that resets every process
+ * (featureRegistry.js:145), and `mc_test_ledger` stores hypothesis COUNTS for the
+ * Bonferroni denominator, not verdicts. The standing record has always been the
+ * specs plus CLAUDE.md. So a withdrawal is APPENDED here, in the repo, with its
+ * cause — the original findings are never edited or deleted.
+ *
+ * THE LEDGER TIGHTENING ITS OWN STANDARD IS THE RECORD WE WANT. A programme that
+ * only ever accumulates positive findings is not measuring; it is collecting. A
+ * withdrawal with a measured cause is worth more than the verdict it retracts.
+ *
+ * WHAT A WITHDRAWAL IS NOT: this module records what we may CLAIM. It does not
+ * change what the engine SERVES. `hitsFactors.js` hardcodes its factor list and
+ * consults no registry, so both withdrawn factors still move the served forecast.
+ * Disarming or re-proving them is a separate order with its own blast radius.
+ *
+ * REINSTATEMENT: a withdrawn verdict returns only by re-running its gate through
+ * readers that `src/utils/readIntegrity.js` reports PASS for ON THE DAY OF THE
+ * RUN. Never by argument, and never by re-reading the old numbers.
+ */
+
+const STATUS = Object.freeze({
+  WITHDRAWN_PENDING_REAUDIT: 'WITHDRAWN_PENDING_REAUDIT',
+});
+
+/**
+ * The measured cause, stated once so every entry cites the identical evidence
+ * rather than a paraphrase that can drift.
+ */
+const UNORDERED_PAGINATION_CAUSE = 'drawn through an unordered-pagination reader; '
+  + '16.5–24.8% set corruption measured on the identical query 2026-08-09 '
+  + '(412–617 of 2,490 rows duplicated, an equal number never returned); '
+  + 'not retrospectively recoverable — the query plan varied per run and was never logged';
+
+/**
+ * APPEND ONLY. Never edit an entry; never remove one. A superseded withdrawal
+ * gets a new entry that references the old one.
+ */
+const WITHDRAWALS = Object.freeze([
+  Object.freeze({
+    id: 'hits/defense_by_direction/2026-08-09',
+    factor: 'defense_by_direction',
+    sport: 'mlb',
+    stat: 'hits',
+    withdrawn_at: '2026-08-09',
+    status: STATUS.WITHDRAWN_PENDING_REAUDIT,
+    original_verdict: 'PROVES',
+    original_evidence: Object.freeze({
+      n: 528, brier_delta: -0.0034, ci: Object.freeze([-0.0059, -0.0009]), ci_level: 0.999,
+      source: 'Session 93',
+    }),
+    cause: UNORDERED_PAGINATION_CAUSE,
+    // ARITHMETIC ON THE RECORDED n, not a re-measurement. Stated as such so it is
+    // never quoted back as a new result.
+    eligibility_note: 'at the measured ~20% duplication rate the distinct n is ≈422 against '
+      + 'factorGate MIN_N = 500 — this verdict was likely never eligible for adjudication at all. '
+      + 'This is arithmetic on the recorded n, not a re-measurement.',
+    readers_implicated: Object.freeze([
+      'scripts/prove-hit-factors.js:136 (ledger_entries walk)',
+      'scripts/prove-hit-factors.js:131 (model_snapshots archetype join)',
+    ]),
+    still_served: true,
+    still_served_note: 'hitsFactors.js:63-78 applies it unconditionally; it consults no registry',
+    reinstatement: 're-run the two-part gate through readers measured PASS by src/utils/readIntegrity.js',
+  }),
+  Object.freeze({
+    id: 'hits/pitcher_contact_profile/2026-08-09',
+    factor: 'pitcher_contact_profile',
+    sport: 'mlb',
+    stat: 'hits',
+    withdrawn_at: '2026-08-09',
+    status: STATUS.WITHDRAWN_PENDING_REAUDIT,
+    original_verdict: 'PROVES',
+    original_evidence: Object.freeze({
+      n: 741, brier_delta: -0.0066, ci: Object.freeze([-0.0114, -0.0016]), ci_level: 0.999,
+      source: 'Session 92',
+    }),
+    cause: UNORDERED_PAGINATION_CAUSE,
+    eligibility_note: 'n=741 clears MIN_N even after ~20% duplication (≈593 distinct), so unlike '
+      + 'defense_by_direction it was plausibly eligible — but the CI that decided PROVES was '
+      + 'computed on a corrupted sample against a corrupted leave-one-out baseline, so the '
+      + 'interval is not recoverable either.',
+    readers_implicated: Object.freeze([
+      'scripts/prove-hit-factors.js:136 (ledger_entries walk)',
+      'scripts/prove-hit-factors.js:131 (model_snapshots archetype join)',
+    ]),
+    still_served: true,
+    still_served_note: 'hitsFactors.js:80-87 applies it unconditionally; it consults no registry',
+    reinstatement: 're-run the two-part gate through readers measured PASS by src/utils/readIntegrity.js',
+  }),
+]);
+
+/** Is this factor's verdict withdrawn for this stat? */
+function isWithdrawn(sport, stat, factor) {
+  return WITHDRAWALS.some((w) => w.sport === String(sport || '').toLowerCase()
+    && w.stat === String(stat || '').toLowerCase()
+    && w.factor === factor);
+}
+
+/** The withdrawal entries for a sport+stat (newest last — the list is append-only). */
+function withdrawalsFor(sport, stat) {
+  const sp = String(sport || '').toLowerCase();
+  const st = String(stat || '').toLowerCase();
+  return WITHDRAWALS.filter((w) => w.sport === sp && (!st || w.stat === st));
+}
+
+/** Factors still SERVED despite a withdrawn verdict — the honesty gap, listed. */
+function servedButWithdrawn() {
+  return WITHDRAWALS.filter((w) => w.still_served);
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  WITHDRAWALS, STATUS, UNORDERED_PAGINATION_CAUSE,
+  isWithdrawn, withdrawalsFor, servedButWithdrawn,
+};
diff --git a/src/services/retentionService.js b/src/services/retentionService.js
index d581293..e8326e6 100644
--- a/src/services/retentionService.js
+++ b/src/services/retentionService.js
@@ -56,9 +56,10 @@ function etDateOf(iso) {
  * forecast, and never on a mixture of the two, which is the trap that would
  * otherwise be invisible once both generations sit in the same table.
  */
-const MODEL_VERSION = process.env.MODEL_VERSION || 'engine1@2026-08-07-fullwindow';
-/** Rows at or after this marker are eligible for forward re-audit. */
-const REPAIRED_CHAMPION_VERSION = 'engine1@2026-08-07-fullwindow';
+// FIX A3 — ONE SOURCE (src/config/modelVersion.js). Re-exported so existing
+// importers keep working, but never re-declared: the twin default in
+// ledgerService is exactly how these two drifted apart.
+const { MODEL_VERSION, REPAIRED_CHAMPION_VERSION } = require('../config/modelVersion');
 
 function codeSha() {
   return process.env.SOURCE_COMMIT || process.env.GIT_SHA || process.env.COOLIFY_GIT_COMMIT_SHA || null;
@@ -149,6 +150,12 @@ function rowsFromSides(base, sides, ctx = {}) {
       // The counterfactual enabler. Absent on pre-feature refusals (the juice
       // gate runs before features are computed) — honestly null, never faked.
       features: s._features && Object.keys(s._features).length ? s._features : null,
+
+      // FIX A5 — the RAW inputs the hits factors read, frozen at grade time so a
+      // re-audit reads evidence instead of reconstructing context. Inputs only:
+      // the multiplier is recomputable from them and is deliberately not stored.
+      // Null on every non-hits row and on any row with no factor context.
+      factor_inputs: s.factor_inputs || null,
     });
   }
   return rows;
diff --git a/src/services/snapshotService.js b/src/services/snapshotService.js
index bad6e35..108b925 100644
--- a/src/services/snapshotService.js
+++ b/src/services/snapshotService.js
@@ -483,8 +483,37 @@ async function runSnapshot(sport, opts = {}) {
     }
   }
 
+  // ── FIX A6 — THE JOIN KEYS, SHADOW ONLY ─────────────────────────────────
+  // A5 measured all three hits factors skipped on 596/596 because nothing sets
+  // `prop.opponent` / `prop.opposing_pitcher`. These resolve them from the
+  // posted lineup + the schedule's probable pitchers, as-of-correct. They feed a
+  // SHADOW resolve that is FROZEN onto the row — the served forecast is NOT
+  // adjusted by them. Turning them on live is a separate, gated decision.
+  let matchupKeys = null;
+  if (sp === 'mlb') {
+    try {
+      const mk = deps.matchupKeys || require('./model/matchupKeys');
+      const sbm = require('../utils/supabase').getSupabaseServiceClient();
+      const mlbAdapter = deps.mlbAdapter || require('./adapters/mlbStatsAdapter');
+      const resolver = sbm ? await mk.build({
+        sb: sbm,
+        getSchedule: (d) => mlbAdapter.getScheduleWithPitchers(d),
+        gameDate: retentionGameDate,
+      }) : null;
+      if (resolver) {
+        matchupKeys = (prop) => resolver(prop);
+        console.log(`[matchup] ${sp} keys loaded — ${JSON.stringify(resolver.stats)}`);
+      } else {
+        console.log(`[matchup] ${sp} — no key index; shadow factors will not fire`);
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.warn('[matchup] key resolve skipped:', e.message);
+    }
+  }
+
   await deps.gradeAndCacheSlate(sp, props, {
     factorContext,
+    matchupKeys,
     // Bisect hook (2026-08-01): lets the internal trigger run a bounded slate
     // without a prod env change, so a cap regression can be isolated by
     // measurement instead of guessed at. Omitted => gradeSlateService's own
diff --git a/src/services/snapshotSettlementService.js b/src/services/snapshotSettlementService.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae0e160
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/services/snapshotSettlementService.js
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * snapshotSettlementService — settle `model_snapshots` ON A SCHEDULE.
+ *
+ * Spec: specs/read-integrity-harness.md §9
+ *
+ * ── WHY THIS EXISTS ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ * `model_snapshots` is the retention table built for replay — it holds the
+ * model's INPUTS (the frozen feature vector) alongside its prediction, which
+ * `ledger_entries` does not. It was settled exactly once, by hand, via
+ * `scripts/settle-model-snapshots.js`. Nothing ever settled it on a cron.
+ *
+ * Measured 2026-08-09: 104,834 rows were past-dated and settleable; 89,350 of
+ * them had no outcome. Worse, of the 34,128 rows carrying the repaired
+ * champion's marker — the only rows a forward re-audit may be measured on —
+ * ZERO were settled. The accrual clock could never advance.
+ *
+ * ── OUTCOMES ONLY. NO CONTEXT RECONSTRUCTION. ────────────────────────────
+ * This joins each row to the realized stat from a box score, using the row's OWN
+ * keys (game_date + player_key + stat + line + side). It does not fetch, infer,
+ * or rebuild park, weather, defence, platoon, archetype or any other context.
+ * A settle pass that reconstructed context would be re-deciding what the model
+ * saw, which is precisely what the retention table exists to prevent.
+ *
+ * ── OUTCOME IS SIDE-ALIGNED ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+ * `p_win` is expressed for the GRADED SIDE, so `outcome` must be too. A raw
+ * `realized > line` indicator is the OVER perspective and would silently invert
+ * the target on every under row, making calibration measure the wrong thing.
+ * `actual_value` stores the raw realized stat; `outcome` stores whether the
+ * graded side won.
+ *
+ * ── A ROW LOGGED AFTER FIRST PITCH IS NOT A PREDICTION ───────────────────
+ * The pipeline runs on UTC cron hours, so a 01:00-UTC cycle is 21:00 the
+ * previous evening ET — same game date, three hours into the slate. Those rows
+ * are refused rather than settled. Preserved verbatim from the hand-run script,
+ * because dropping it would quietly admit post-hoc rows into every measurement.
+ *
+ * Every dependency is injectable, so the unit tests never touch a network.
+ */
+
+const { paginate } = require('../utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../utils/tableKeys');
+const { nameKey } = require('../utils/playerName');
+const { knownNumber } = require('../utils/known');
+
+const STATS = ['hits', 'total_bases', 'rbi', 'runs'];
+const PAGE = 1000;
+/** Eastern first pitch, conservatively. At or after this is in-game. */
+const FIRST_PITCH_ET_HOUR = 19;
+/**
+ * Dates fetched per run — bounded, because a cron that re-fetches 26 dates of
+ * box scores every five hours is a quota problem pretending to be thoroughness.
+ *
+ * NEWEST FIRST, and that ordering is a correctness property, not a preference.
+ * The first implementation drained oldest-first and DEADLOCKED: measured on
+ * production, 308 rows across the eight oldest dates are structurally
+ * unsettleable (184 logged after first pitch, 124 with no box-score line), so
+ * the window re-processed the same dead dates on every run and `dates_remaining`
+ * never moved. Newest-first also reaches the rows that matter — the repaired
+ * champion's, which are the only ones a forward re-audit may be measured on.
+ */
+const MAX_DATES_PER_RUN = Number(process.env.SNAPSHOT_SETTLE_MAX_DATES || 8);
+
+/** Realized value per stat, from the box-score batting line. */
+const FIELD = Object.freeze({
+  hits: (b) => knownNumber(b.hits),
+  total_bases: (b) => knownNumber(b.totalBases),
+  rbi: (b) => knownNumber(b.rbi),
+  runs: (b) => knownNumber(b.runs),
+});
+
+function isPreGame(capturedAt, gameDate) {
+  if (!capturedAt || !gameDate) return false;
+  const cap = new Date(capturedAt);
+  if (Number.isNaN(cap.getTime())) return false;
+  const et = new Date(cap.getTime() - 4 * 3600 * 1000);        // EDT
+  const etDate = et.toISOString().slice(0, 10);
+  if (etDate < String(gameDate)) return true;                   // day before, fine
+  if (etDate > String(gameDate)) return false;                  // day after, post-game
+  return et.getUTCHours() < FIRST_PITCH_ET_HOUR;
+}
+
+function todayEt(now) {
+  return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-CA', {
+    timeZone: 'America/New_York', year: 'numeric', month: '2-digit', day: '2-digit',
+  }).format(now || new Date());
+}
+
+async function pool(items, fn, n = 6) {
+  const out = []; let i = 0;
+  await Promise.all(Array.from({ length: n }, async () => {
+    while (i < items.length) {
+      const idx = i; i += 1;
+      try { out[idx] = await fn(items[idx]); } catch { out[idx] = null; }
+    }
+  }));
+  return out.filter(Boolean);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Box-score batting lines for a set of dates, keyed `${date}|${nameKey}`.
+ * A doubleheader gives two lines; they are SUMMED, because the prop covers the
+ * day rather than a game.
+ */
+async function battingLines(dates, deps) {
+  const getJson = deps.getJson;
+  const games = [];
+  for (const d of dates) {
+    try {
+      const s = await getJson(`https://statsapi.mlb.com/api/v1/schedule?sportId=1&date=${d}`);
+      for (const day of (s && s.dates) || []) {
+        for (const g of day.games || []) {
+          if (String(g.status && g.status.detailedState) === 'Final') {
+            games.push({ pk: g.gamePk, date: g.officialDate || d });
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch { /* absent day — stays absent */ }
+  }
+
+  const lines = {};
+  const loaded = await pool(games, async (g) => {
+    const box = await getJson(`https://statsapi.mlb.com/api/v1/game/${g.pk}/boxscore`);
+    const out = [];
+    for (const side of ['home', 'away']) {
+      const t = box && box.teams && box.teams[side];
+      if (!t) continue;
+      for (const id of t.batters || []) {
+        const pl = t.players[`ID${id}`];
+        const b = pl && pl.stats && pl.stats.batting;
+        if (!b || b.atBats == null) continue;    // did not bat → absent, never zero
+        out.push({
+          date: g.date,
+          key: nameKey(pl.person && pl.person.fullName),
+          hits: b.hits, totalBases: b.totalBases, rbi: b.rbi, runs: b.runs,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+    return out;
+  }, deps.concurrency || 6);
+
+  for (const arr of loaded) {
+    for (const r of arr) {
+      const k = `${r.date}|${r.key}`;
+      if (!lines[k]) lines[k] = { ...r };
+      else {
+        lines[k].hits += r.hits; lines[k].totalBases += r.totalBases;
+        lines[k].rbi += r.rbi; lines[k].runs += r.runs;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return lines;
+}
+
+/**
+ * PURE — decide each row's outcome from the box-score index.
+ * Separated so the whole decision rule is unit-testable with no I/O.
+ */
+function decide(snaps, lines) {
+  const counts = { candidates: snaps.length, settled: 0, unresolvable: 0, orphaned: 0, post_hoc_logged: 0 };
+  const updates = [];
+  const seen = new Set();
+
+  for (const s of snaps) {
+    if (seen.has(s.id)) {
+      const e = new Error(`INTEGRITY: duplicate snapshot id ${s.id}`);
+      e.code = 'DUPLICATE_ROW';
+      throw e;
+    }
+    seen.add(s.id);
+
+    if (!isPreGame(s.captured_at, s.game_date)) {
+      counts.post_hoc_logged += 1; counts.unresolvable += 1; continue;
+    }
+    const line = knownNumber(s.line);
+    if (line === null || !s.side) { counts.unresolvable += 1; continue; }
+
+    const b = lines[`${s.game_date}|${s.player_key}`];
+    if (!b) { counts.orphaned += 1; continue; }
+
+    const realized = FIELD[s.stat] ? FIELD[s.stat](b) : null;
+    if (realized === null) { counts.unresolvable += 1; continue; }
+
+    const over = realized > line;
+    const won = String(s.side).toLowerCase() === 'under' ? !over : over;
+    updates.push({ id: s.id, outcome: won ? 'hit' : 'miss', actual_value: realized });
+    counts.settled += 1;
+  }
+
+  // CONSERVATION — hard fail. Every candidate lands in exactly one bucket.
+  const acc = counts.settled + counts.unresolvable + counts.orphaned;
+  if (acc !== counts.candidates) {
+    const e = new Error(`INTEGRITY: conservation violated ${acc} != ${counts.candidates}`);
+    e.code = 'CONSERVATION';
+    throw e;
+  }
+  return { counts, updates };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Settle one pass.
+ *
+ * @param {object} deps
+ *  - sb          supabase service client (required to do anything)
+ *  - getJson     async (url) => json
+ *  - now         () => Date
+ *  - write       default true; false = dry run
+ *  - maxDates    dates fetched this run (oldest first)
+ * @returns {object} { skipped?, counts, dates, written, repaired_champion_settled }
+ */
+async function settleSnapshots(deps = {}) {
+  const sb = deps.sb;
+  if (!sb) return { skipped: 'supabase not configured', counts: null, written: 0 };
+  const now = (deps.now || (() => new Date()))();
+  const cutoff = todayEt(now);
+  const write = deps.write !== false;
+
+  // Unsettled, PAST-DATED rows only — a game that has not finished cannot be
+  // settled, and asking would produce an orphan rather than an absence.
+  const snaps = await paginate(
+    () => sb.from('model_snapshots')
+      .select('id, game_date, captured_at, stat, player_key, line, side, model_version')
+      .eq('sport', 'mlb').in('stat', STATS).is('outcome', null)
+      .lt('game_date', cutoff),
+    { key: uniqueKeyFor('model_snapshots'), pageSize: PAGE, label: 'snapshotSettlement' },
+  );
+  if (!snaps.length) return { counts: { candidates: 0, settled: 0, unresolvable: 0, orphaned: 0, post_hoc_logged: 0 }, dates: [], written: 0, repaired_champion_settled: 0 };
+
+  // CHOOSE DATES FROM ROWS THAT COULD ACTUALLY SETTLE.
+  //
+  // `isPreGame` is pure, so a row logged after first pitch is known-unsettleable
+  // WITHOUT fetching anything. Measured on production, 19,074 such rows sit in
+  // the recent dates; letting them pick the window meant the same dead dates
+  // were re-fetched on every run and the backlog never converged. Filtering
+  // first is what makes the drain terminate.
+  const settleable = snaps.filter((r) => isPreGame(r.captured_at, r.game_date));
+  // NEWEST FIRST: the eligible rows — the repaired champion's — are the newest,
+  // and an older date whose remainder cannot settle must not block them.
+  const allDates = [...new Set(settleable.map((r) => r.game_date))].sort().reverse();
+  const perWindow = deps.maxDates || MAX_DATES_PER_RUN;
+  const maxWindows = deps.maxWindows || Number(process.env.SNAPSHOT_SETTLE_MAX_WINDOWS || 4);
+
+  // ADVANCE PAST A DRAINED WINDOW. The newest dates keep rows that can never
+  // settle (a player with no box-score line never gets one), so a fixed window
+  // would sit on them forever while older settleable dates were never reached.
+  // Move to the next window when this one produces nothing, bounded so a run
+  // still costs a predictable number of box-score fetches.
+  let dates = []; let counts = null; let updates = []; let windows = 0;
+  for (let w = 0; w < maxWindows; w += 1) {
+    const slice = allDates.slice(w * perWindow, (w + 1) * perWindow);
+    if (!slice.length) break;
+    windows = w + 1;
+    /* eslint-disable no-await-in-loop */
+    const lines = await battingLines(slice, { getJson: deps.getJson, concurrency: deps.concurrency });
+    const res = decide(snaps.filter((r) => slice.includes(r.game_date)), lines);
+    /* eslint-enable no-await-in-loop */
+    dates = slice; counts = res.counts; updates = res.updates;
+    if (updates.length) break;                     // progress — stop here
+  }
+  if (!counts) return { counts: { candidates: 0, settled: 0, unresolvable: 0, orphaned: 0, post_hoc_logged: 0 }, dates: [], written: 0, repaired_champion_settled: 0 };
+  const inWindow = snaps.filter((r) => dates.includes(r.game_date));
+
+  let written = 0;
+  let repairedSettled = 0;
+  const byId = new Map(inWindow.map((r) => [r.id, r]));
+  if (write && updates.length) {
+    const settledAt = now.toISOString();
+    for (let i = 0; i < updates.length; i += 500) {
+      const batch = updates.slice(i, i + 500);
+      /* eslint-disable no-await-in-loop */
+      const results = await Promise.all(batch.map((u) => sb.from('model_snapshots')
+        .update({
+          outcome: u.outcome,
+          actual_value: u.actual_value,
+          settled_at: settledAt,
+          settlement_source: 'statsapi_boxscore',
+        })
+        // IDEMPOTENT: only an unsettled row is written, so a re-run can never
+        // overwrite an outcome that is already on the record.
+        .eq('id', u.id).is('outcome', null)));
+      /* eslint-enable no-await-in-loop */
+      results.forEach((r, k) => {
+        if (r.error) return;
+        written += 1;
+        const row = byId.get(batch[k].id);
+        if (row && row.model_version === require('../config/modelVersion').REPAIRED_CHAMPION_VERSION) {
+          repairedSettled += 1;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    counts,
+    dates,
+    dates_remaining: Math.max(0, allDates.length - (windows * perWindow)),
+    windows_scanned: windows,
+    // Rows that can never settle, counted rather than hidden: a row logged after
+    // first pitch is not a prediction and will never become one.
+    permanently_unsettleable: snaps.length - settleable.length,
+    written,
+    repaired_champion_settled: repairedSettled,
+    mode: write ? 'write' : 'dry-run',
+  };
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  settleSnapshots, decide, isPreGame, battingLines,
+  STATS, FIELD, MAX_DATES_PER_RUN, FIRST_PITCH_ET_HOUR,
+};
diff --git a/src/snapshotScheduler.js b/src/snapshotScheduler.js
index c58ab04..d3edfac 100644
--- a/src/snapshotScheduler.js
+++ b/src/snapshotScheduler.js
@@ -65,6 +65,11 @@ function startSnapshotScheduler(opts = {}) {
   // Session 58 — Phase 1 truth infrastructure: settle the persistent ledger
   // (outcome + actual + CLV) in the same pre-grade settle pass.
   const settleLedgers = opts.settleAllLedgers || require('./services/ledgerService').settleAllLedgers;
+  // FIX A3 — model_snapshots was settled ONCE, by hand, and never on a cron.
+  // 89,350 settleable rows sat unsettled and ZERO of the 34,128 repaired-champion
+  // rows had an outcome, so the re-audit accrual clock could not advance.
+  const settleSnaps = opts.settleSnapshots
+    || require('./services/snapshotSettlementService').settleSnapshots;
   const notify = opts.notify || require('./utils/opsNotify').notify;
   const cacheGet = opts.cacheGet || require('./utils/redis').cacheGet;
   const cacheSet = opts.cacheSet || require('./utils/redis').cacheSet;
@@ -196,6 +201,28 @@ function startSnapshotScheduler(opts = {}) {
         title: 'VYNDR settlement', priority: 'high', tags: ['rotating_light'],
       });
     }
+    // FIX A3 — settle the RETENTION table too, on the same pass that settles the
+    // ledger. Outcomes only: it joins each row to a box score by the row's own
+    // keys and never reconstructs context. Best-effort by design — the retention
+    // table is a measurement asset, not the public record, so a failure here must
+    // never take the ledger settle or the grade with it.
+    try {
+      const sbc = require('./utils/supabase').getSupabaseServiceClient();
+      const axios = require('axios');
+      const snapRes = await settleSnaps({
+        sb: sbc,
+        getJson: async (url) => (await axios.get(url, { timeout: 45_000 })).data,
+        now: () => d,
+      });
+      if (snapRes && snapRes.counts) {
+        console.log(`[snapshots] settle pass — ${snapRes.written} settled `
+          + `(${snapRes.repaired_champion_settled} repaired-champion), `
+          + `${snapRes.counts.orphaned} orphaned, ${snapRes.counts.post_hoc_logged} post-hoc, `
+          + `${snapRes.dates_remaining} date(s) of backlog remaining`);
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.warn('[snapshots] settle run failed:', e.message);
+    }
     // Session 8 — zero-settle alarm, MORNING slot only (the book-closing pass).
     // Signal = the ledger settle's own Postgres-backed return values (see
     // opsWatch.zeroSettleAlarm for why not snapshot:{sport}:previous). Deduped
diff --git a/src/utils/readIntegrity.js b/src/utils/readIntegrity.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d11a35
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/utils/readIntegrity.js differ
diff --git a/src/utils/safePaginate.js b/src/utils/safePaginate.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae811c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utils/safePaginate.js
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * safePaginate — the ONE way this codebase walks a paginated PostgREST read.
+ *
+ * Spec: specs/read-integrity-harness.md §7
+ *
+ * It exists because the ad-hoc walk it replaces failed in two independent ways,
+ * both measured on production, both of which returned a plausible-looking result:
+ *
+ *   1. NO STABLE ORDER. `.range(from, from+PAGE-1)` without an ORDER BY returned
+ *      the correct row COUNT and the wrong ROWS — 410-617 of 2,490 duplicated on
+ *      the hits read, with an equal number never returned at all. Postgres
+ *      guarantees no ordering without ORDER BY, and the planner can order
+ *      differently between successive LIMIT/OFFSET queries.
+ *
+ *   2. ERROR SWALLOWED AS END-OF-DATA. `if (error || !data || !data.length) break`
+ *      makes a failed read indistinguishable from a finished one, so a partial
+ *      fit looks like a complete fit. This is the shape that silently killed
+ *      settlement on 2026-08-01.
+ *
+ * ── THE KEY MUST BE UNIQUE ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ * An ORDER BY on a non-unique column is NOT a fix: ties may be returned in any
+ * order, so pages still overlap. The default is `id`. Because "unique" is a
+ * promise the caller makes, this module VERIFIES it at runtime — a repeated key
+ * during the walk means either a non-unique key or a scrambled read, and either
+ * way the row set is not trustworthy, so it THROWS rather than returning it.
+ *
+ * ── COMPOSITE KEYS (Fix A2b) ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+ * `key` accepts a string OR an ordered list of columns forming a unique TUPLE.
+ * The context tables (`batter_spray`, `team_defense`, `platoon_splits`, …) are
+ * dated-composite by design — one as-of snapshot per entity per day — and have
+ * no single unique column, so before this they could not be made safe at all.
+ * Every column is ordered, in the declared order, and the uniqueness guard
+ * checks the FULL tuple. `src/utils/tableKeys.js` holds the real constraints,
+ * pulled from the live schema rather than assumed.
+ *
+ * Ordering on a PREFIX of a unique key is not enough — the trailing columns are
+ * exactly where the ties live — so the caller passes the whole tuple or the
+ * guard will catch it.
+ *
+ * ── REFUSAL IS NOT A SWALLOW ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+ * Throwing here lets the caller decide, explicitly, between "no data" and "the
+ * read failed" — the distinction the old code destroyed. A caller that responds
+ * by producing NOTHING (no calibrator, no map) is refusing honestly. A caller
+ * that responds by continuing with partial rows is repeating the defect.
+ *
+ * The paging mechanics are `readIntegrity.walk`, which is already unit-tested
+ * for short-page, empty-page, error-propagation and runaway behaviour. This
+ * module adds the stable order and the uniqueness guard on top; it does not
+ * hand-roll a second walk.
+ */
+
+const { walk, keyOf, DEFAULT_PAGE } = require('./readIntegrity');
+
+/**
+ * Walk a filtered PostgREST query to exhaustion, safely.
+ *
+ * @param {function} makeQuery  () => a FRESH filtered PostgrestFilterBuilder.
+ *        A factory, not a builder: a builder is single-use, so each page needs
+ *        its own.
+ * @param {object} opts
+ *  - key        {string|string[]} unique column, or an ordered list of columns
+ *                                 forming a unique tuple (default 'id')
+ *  - pageSize   {number}  default 1000
+ *  - ascending  {boolean} default true
+ *  - maxPages   {number}  runaway guard
+ *  - label      {string}  included in thrown messages so a failure names itself
+ * @returns {Promise<Array>} every row, exactly once
+ * @throws on a query error, a duplicate key tuple, or a runaway walk — never silently
+ */
+async function paginate(makeQuery, opts = {}) {
+  const keyCols = normalizeKey(opts.key);
+  const pageSize = opts.pageSize || DEFAULT_PAGE;
+  const ascending = opts.ascending !== false;
+  const label = opts.label || 'safePaginate';
+  const seen = new Set();
+
+  return walk(async (from, to) => {
+    // EVERY column is ordered, in the declared order. Ordering on a prefix
+    // leaves the trailing columns tied, which is precisely where pages overlap.
+    let q = makeQuery();
+    for (const col of keyCols) q = q.order(col, { ascending });
+    const { data, error } = await q.range(from, to);
+
+    // AN ERROR IS AN ERROR. Never end-of-data.
+    if (error) {
+      const e = new Error(`${label}: read failed at range ${from}-${to} — ${error.message}`);
+      e.code = 'READ_FAILED';
+      e.cause = error;
+      throw e;
+    }
+    const rows = data || [];
+
+    // UNIQUENESS, VERIFIED RATHER THAN ASSUMED. A repeat means the ordering key
+    // is not unique or the walk scrambled; both make the row set unusable.
+    for (const r of rows) {
+      const k = keyOf(r, keyCols);
+      if (seen.has(k)) {
+        const e = new Error(`${label}: duplicate key (${keyCols.join(',')})=${k} at range ${from}-${to} — `
+          + 'the ordering key is not unique or the read scrambled; refusing to return a corrupted row set');
+        e.code = 'DUPLICATE_KEY';
+        throw e;
+      }
+      seen.add(k);
+    }
+    return rows;
+  }, pageSize, opts.maxPages);
+}
+
+/** A string key and a composite key are the same thing, one column long. */
+function normalizeKey(key) {
+  if (key == null) return ['id'];
+  const cols = Array.isArray(key) ? key : [key];
+  const clean = cols.filter((c) => typeof c === 'string' && c.length);
+  if (!clean.length) {
+    const e = new Error('safePaginate: key must be a column name or a non-empty list of column names');
+    e.code = 'BAD_KEY';
+    throw e;
+  }
+  return clean;
+}
+
+module.exports = { paginate, normalizeKey, DEFAULT_PAGE };
diff --git a/src/utils/tableKeys.js b/src/utils/tableKeys.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6cfbcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utils/tableKeys.js
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * tableKeys — WHAT MAKES A ROW UNIQUE, per table.
+ *
+ * Spec: specs/read-integrity-harness.md §8
+ *
+ * `safePaginate` needs a key whose tuple is unique, because an ORDER BY that
+ * leaves ties lets pages overlap and the whole fix evaporates. Guessing that key
+ * is exactly the kind of assumption this programme keeps getting burned by, so
+ * every entry below was PULLED FROM THE LIVE SCHEMA on 2026-08-09:
+ *
+ *     SELECT c.relname, array_agg(a.attname ORDER BY k.ord)
+ *     FROM pg_index ix ... WHERE ix.indisunique
+ *
+ * Note that only `ledger_entries` and `model_snapshots` have a single-column
+ * key. Every context table is dated-composite — which is the point of those
+ * tables (an as-of snapshot per entity per day), and the reason the A2 rollout
+ * could not reach them until `safePaginate` learned composite keys.
+ *
+ * IF A MIGRATION CHANGES A CONSTRAINT, CHANGE IT HERE. A stale entry does not
+ * fail loudly at the database — it fails as a duplicate tuple at runtime, which
+ * `safePaginate` throws on. That is the intended failure: loud, not silent.
+ */
+
+const UNIQUE_KEY = Object.freeze({
+  // single-column primary keys
+  ledger_entries: Object.freeze(['id']),
+  model_snapshots: Object.freeze(['id']),
+  game_context: Object.freeze(['game_id']),
+
+  // dated composite keys — one as-of snapshot per entity per day
+  statcast_aggregates: Object.freeze(['sport', 'season', 'source_id', 'role']),
+  statcast_history: Object.freeze(['as_of_date', 'sport', 'season', 'source_id', 'role']),
+  batter_spray: Object.freeze(['as_of_date', 'sport', 'season', 'source_id']),
+  team_defense: Object.freeze(['as_of_date', 'sport', 'season', 'team']),
+  platoon_splits: Object.freeze(['as_of_date', 'sport', 'season', 'player_key']),
+  park_dimensions: Object.freeze(['as_of_date', 'sport', 'venue_id']),
+  hitter_opportunity: Object.freeze(['as_of_date', 'sport', 'season', 'player_key']),
+  lineup_context: Object.freeze(['as_of_date', 'sport', 'game_pk', 'player_key']),
+});
+
+/**
+ * The unique key for a table.
+ *
+ * THROWS for an unknown table rather than defaulting to `id`. A silent default
+ * would order by a column that may not exist or may not be unique, which is the
+ * failure this module exists to prevent — and it would do so while looking fixed.
+ */
+function uniqueKeyFor(table) {
+  const k = UNIQUE_KEY[table];
+  if (!k) {
+    const e = new Error(`tableKeys: no unique key recorded for '${table}' — `
+      + 'add it from the live schema (pg_index WHERE indisunique) rather than assuming id');
+    e.code = 'UNKNOWN_TABLE';
+    throw e;
+  }
+  return k;
+}
+
+/** Is this table's key a single column? (Informational; both shapes work.) */
+function isSingleKey(table) {
+  return uniqueKeyFor(table).length === 1;
+}
+
+module.exports = { UNIQUE_KEY, uniqueKeyFor, isSingleKey };
diff --git a/supabase/migrations/034_factor_inputs.sql b/supabase/migrations/034_factor_inputs.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f67fa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/supabase/migrations/034_factor_inputs.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-- Migration 034: model_snapshots.factor_inputs — FREEZE THE FACTOR INPUTS (Fix A5).
+--
+-- A re-audit that joins context tables to a past grade RECONSTRUCTS what the
+-- context probably was. This column carries what the grader ACTUALLY read, so a
+-- row becomes independently checkable.
+--
+-- INPUTS, NOT OUTPUTS. It stores the raw values (spray shares, positional OAA,
+-- pitcher hard-hit rate, platoon split counts, handedness) and NOT the resulting
+-- multiplier. A stored multiplier can only be compared to itself; stored inputs
+-- can be re-run through hitsFactors and checked.
+--
+-- A SEPARATE COLUMN, not extra keys inside `features`: champion-ablation.js
+-- iterates every key of `features` for its residual scan, so widening it would
+-- silently enlarge that multiple-comparisons denominator.
+--
+-- NULLABLE and populated only on `hits` rows with a factor context, so the
+-- storage cost is bounded. Adding a nullable column is metadata-only in
+-- Postgres — no table rewrite — which matters while this database sits over its
+-- free-tier size cap.
+ALTER TABLE model_snapshots ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS factor_inputs jsonb;
+
+COMMENT ON COLUMN model_snapshots.factor_inputs IS
+  'Fix A5: raw inputs the hits factors read at grade time (never the multiplier). Recompute via factorFreeze.recompute().';
diff --git a/tests/unit/calibrationServiceRead.test.js b/tests/unit/calibrationServiceRead.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0db939a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/calibrationServiceRead.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * calibrationService.loadSettledRows — the Fix A1 regression.
+ *
+ * This reader measured 24.8% corrupt on production (617 of 2,490 rows returned
+ * twice, an equal number never returned) via two independent defects: an
+ * unordered page walk, and a query error swallowed as end-of-data. Both are
+ * locked here against a fake `sb`, so the regression cannot return silently.
+ */
+
+const calSvc = require('../../src/services/model/calibrationService');
+
+/**
+ * A fake PostgREST client for `ledger_entries`. Every filter in the reader's
+ * chain is accepted and RECORDED, so a dropped filter fails the test rather than
+ * quietly changing the row set.
+ */
+function fakeSb(rows, opts = {}) {
+  const state = { rows, filters: [], selected: null, rangeCalls: 0, ordered: [] };
+  const q = {
+    select(cols) { state.selected = cols; return q; },
+    eq(c, v) { state.filters.push(['eq', c, v]); return q; },
+    is(c, v) { state.filters.push(['is', c, v]); return q; },
+    in(c, v) { state.filters.push(['in', c, v]); return q; },
+    not(c, o, v) { state.filters.push(['not', c, o, v]); return q; },
+    lt(c, v) { state.filters.push(['lt', c, v]); return q; },
+    order(c, o) { state.ordered.push([c, o && o.ascending !== false]); return q; },
+    async range(from, to) {
+      state.rangeCalls += 1;
+      if (opts.errorOnRange && opts.errorOnRange(from)) {
+        return { data: null, error: { message: 'connection reset by peer' } };
+      }
+      if (opts.beforeRange) opts.beforeRange(from, state);
+      const key = state.ordered.length ? state.ordered[state.ordered.length - 1][0] : null;
+      const out = key
+        ? [...state.rows].sort((a, b) => (a[key] < b[key] ? -1 : a[key] > b[key] ? 1 : 0))
+        : [...state.rows];
+      return { data: out.slice(from, to + 1), error: null };
+    },
+  };
+  return { state, from() { return q; } };
+}
+
+const led = (id, p, won, date) => ({
+  id, p_win: p, outcome: won ? 'hit' : 'miss', game_date: date, quarantine_reason: null,
+});
+const many = (n) => Array.from({ length: n }, (_, i) => led(i + 1, 0.5 + (i % 40) / 100, i % 2 === 0, '2026-08-01'));
+
+describe('loadSettledRows — orders on a UNIQUE key, every page', () => {
+  it('returns every row exactly once across a multi-page walk', async () => {
+    const sb = fakeSb(many(2490));
+    const rows = await calSvc.loadSettledRows(sb, { sport: 'mlb', stat: 'hits', before: '2026-08-09' });
+    expect(rows).toHaveLength(2490);
+    expect(new Set(rows.map((r) => r.id)).size).toBe(2490);
+    expect(sb.state.rangeCalls).toBe(3);
+  });
+
+  it('orders by id on EVERY page, not just the first', async () => {
+    const sb = fakeSb(many(2490));
+    await calSvc.loadSettledRows(sb, { before: '2026-08-09' });
+    expect(sb.state.ordered).toHaveLength(sb.state.rangeCalls);
+    for (const [col, asc] of sb.state.ordered) {
+      expect(col).toBe('id');          // a UNIQUE key — an order on a non-unique
+      expect(asc).toBe(true);          // column still lets ties scramble
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('selects id — without it the ordering key is not in the payload', async () => {
+    const sb = fakeSb(many(10));
+    await calSvc.loadSettledRows(sb, { before: '2026-08-09' });
+    expect(sb.state.selected).toMatch(/\bid\b/);
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the point-in-time cut and every identity filter', async () => {
+    const sb = fakeSb(many(10));
+    await calSvc.loadSettledRows(sb, { sport: 'mlb', stat: 'hits', before: '2026-08-09' });
+    expect(sb.state.filters).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([
+      ['eq', 'sport', 'mlb'],
+      ['is', 'user_id', null],
+      ['eq', 'stat', 'hits'],
+      ['in', 'outcome', ['hit', 'miss']],
+      ['not', 'p_win', 'is', null],
+      ['lt', 'game_date', '2026-08-09'],       // STRICTLY before — never the answer
+    ]));
+  });
+});
+
+describe('loadSettledRows — a failed read THROWS, never a short fit', () => {
+  it('throws when a later page errors instead of returning the earlier pages', async () => {
+    // The :117 defect returned 1,000 rows here and `build()` fitted a map on
+    // them, indistinguishable from a complete fit.
+    const sb = fakeSb(many(2490), { errorOnRange: (from) => from === 1000 });
+    await expect(calSvc.loadSettledRows(sb, { before: '2026-08-09' }))
+      .rejects.toThrow(/read failed at range 1000-1999/);
+  });
+
+  it('propagates through fromLedger — a read failure is not "thin history"', async () => {
+    // null means "not enough settled rows to fit"; a throw means "the read
+    // broke". Collapsing them is what let a fragment look like a fit.
+    const sb = fakeSb(many(2490), { errorOnRange: (from) => from === 1000 });
+    await expect(calSvc.fromLedger(sb, { sport: 'mlb', stat: 'hits', before: '2026-08-09' }))
+      .rejects.toThrow(/read failed/);
+  });
+
+  it('still returns null (not a throw) when there is genuinely no client', async () => {
+    await expect(calSvc.fromLedger(null, {})).resolves.toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('loadSettledRows — concurrent append (the production condition)', () => {
+  it('returns every pre-existing row exactly once while the cron appends mid-walk', async () => {
+    // ledger_entries is written at 14/19/22/1/3 UTC. With a stable ascending
+    // unique key, an appended row lands after the cursor: nothing already
+    // returned can repeat, nothing pending can be skipped.
+    const original = many(2500);
+    let nextId = 90000;
+    const sb = fakeSb([...original], {
+      beforeRange: (from, state) => {
+        if (from > 0) state.rows.push(led(nextId++, 0.6, true, '2026-08-08'));
+      },
+    });
+    const rows = await calSvc.loadSettledRows(sb, { before: '2026-08-09' });
+    const seen = rows.map((r) => r.id);
+
+    expect(new Set(seen).size).toBe(seen.length);            // zero duplicates
+    for (const o of original) expect(seen).toContain(o.id);  // zero dropped
+  });
+
+  it('THROWS rather than returning a corrupted set if the walk ever repeats a row', async () => {
+    // Belt and braces: if the ordering guarantee were ever lost, the reader
+    // refuses instead of handing a duplicated sample to the fit.
+    const sb = fakeSb([led(1, 0.5, true, '2026-08-01'), led(1, 0.5, true, '2026-08-01')]);
+    await expect(calSvc.loadSettledRows(sb, { before: '2026-08-09' }))
+      .rejects.toThrow(/duplicate key \(id\)=1/);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Fix A1 does not change what is SERVED', () => {
+  it('the deploy set is still empty — no stat serves a calibrated number', () => {
+    const snapshotService = require('../../src/services/snapshotService');
+    expect(snapshotService.CALIBRATION_DEPLOYED).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/unit/factorFreeze.test.js b/tests/unit/factorFreeze.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..488ea7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/factorFreeze.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * factorFreeze — Fix A5.
+ *
+ * Freezes the RAW inputs a factor read, so a re-audit reads evidence instead of
+ * reconstructing context. The multiplier is deliberately NOT stored: a stored
+ * multiplier can only be compared to itself.
+ */
+
+const ff = require('../../src/services/model/factorFreeze');
+const hf = require('../../src/services/model/hitsFactors');
+
+const SPRAY = {
+  as_of_date: '2026-08-07', player_key: 'aaron judge',
+  pull_gb: 0.30, straight_gb: 0.20, oppo_gb: 0.10,
+  pull_air: 0.20, straight_air: 0.10, oppo_air: 0.10,
+};
+const OAA = {
+  '3B': { oaa: 2 }, SS: { oaa: 1 }, LF: { oaa: 0 }, '1B': { oaa: 0 },
+  '2B': { oaa: 1 }, RF: { oaa: -1 }, CF: { oaa: 0 },
+};
+const SPLITS = {
+  vl: { pa: 120, atBats: 110, hits: 33 },
+  vr: { pa: 300, atBats: 280, hits: 70 },
+};
+const FULL_CTX = {
+  spray: SPRAY, positionOaa: OAA, bats: 'R', throws: 'L',
+  pitcherHardHit: 0.42, platoonSplits: SPLITS, archetype: 'BOMBER', as_of: '2026-08-07',
+};
+const PROP = {
+  player: 'Aaron Judge', stat_type: 'hits', team: 'NYY',
+  opponent: 'Red Sox', opposing_pitcher: 'Chris Sale',
+  game_id: 'mlb:2026-08-07:BOS@NYY', game_date: '2026-08-07',
+};
+
+describe('INPUTS, NEVER OUTPUTS', () => {
+  it('stores the raw inputs', () => {
+    const f = ff.freeze(FULL_CTX, PROP);
+    expect(f.spray.pull_gb).toBe(0.30);
+    expect(f.position_oaa).toEqual(OAA);
+    expect(f.bats).toBe('R');
+    expect(f.throws).toBe('L');
+    expect(f.pitcher_hard_hit).toBe(0.42);
+    expect(f.platoon.vl).toEqual({ pa: 120, ab: 110, hits: 33 });
+  });
+
+  it('does NOT store the multiplier — it must stay recomputable, not asserted', () => {
+    const f = ff.freeze(FULL_CTX, PROP);
+    const flat = JSON.stringify(f);
+    expect(f.multiplier).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(f.factors_fired).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(flat).not.toMatch(/multiplier/);
+  });
+
+  it('carries the join keys AS THE RESOLVER SAW THEM', () => {
+    const f = ff.freeze(FULL_CTX, PROP);
+    expect(f.join).toEqual({ opponent: 'Red Sox', opposing_pitcher: 'Chris Sale' });
+  });
+
+  it('records the join keys as NULL when the resolver had none — the finding, not an omission', () => {
+    // This is the live case: nothing sets prop.opponent / prop.opposing_pitcher.
+    const f = ff.freeze({ spray: SPRAY, positionOaa: null, bats: 'R', throws: null, pitcherHardHit: null, platoonSplits: SPLITS }, { player: 'x', team: 'NYY', game_id: 'g1' });
+    expect(f.join).toEqual({ opponent: null, opposing_pitcher: null });
+    expect(f.position_oaa).toBeNull();
+    expect(f.throws).toBeNull();
+    expect(f.pitcher_hard_hit).toBeNull();
+    // and what COULD have been joined is recorded separately, never fed to a factor
+    expect(f.available).toEqual({ team: 'NYY', game_id: 'g1', game_date: null });
+  });
+
+  it('is versioned, so a shape change is distinguishable from a null', () => {
+    expect(ff.freeze(FULL_CTX, PROP).v).toBe(ff.FREEZE_VERSION);
+  });
+
+  it('returns null for no context rather than an empty husk', () => {
+    expect(ff.freeze(null, PROP)).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('carries the archetype through (A4), never invents it', () => {
+    expect(ff.freeze(FULL_CTX, PROP).archetype).toBe('BOMBER');
+    expect(ff.freeze({ ...FULL_CTX, archetype: null }, PROP).archetype).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('RECOMPUTE — the reason inputs beat an output', () => {
+  it('a frozen vector reproduces the live multiplier EXACTLY', () => {
+    const live = hf.hitsFactorMultiplier(FULL_CTX);
+    const fromFrozen = ff.recompute(ff.freeze(FULL_CTX, PROP));
+    expect(fromFrozen.multiplier).toBe(live.multiplier);
+    expect(fromFrozen.factors_fired).toBe(live.factors_fired);
+    expect(fromFrozen.applied.map((a) => a.factor).sort())
+      .toEqual(live.applied.map((a) => a.factor).sort());
+  });
+
+  it('reproduces the live multiplier on the DEGRADED live shape too', () => {
+    const degraded = { spray: SPRAY, positionOaa: null, bats: 'R', throws: null, pitcherHardHit: null, platoonSplits: SPLITS };
+    const live = hf.hitsFactorMultiplier(degraded);
+    const fromFrozen = ff.recompute(ff.freeze(degraded, {}));
+    expect(fromFrozen.multiplier).toBe(live.multiplier);
+    expect(live.factors_fired).toBe(0);          // the measured live state
+    expect(fromFrozen.factors_fired).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('a frozen vector that fires would be CAUGHT if the factor code changed', () => {
+    // The audit property: recompute uses the CURRENT factor code against the
+    // FROZEN inputs, so a code change shows up as a difference.
+    const frozen = ff.freeze(FULL_CTX, PROP);
+    const fake = { hitsFactorMultiplier: () => ({ multiplier: 1.99, applied: [], skipped: [], factors_fired: 0 }) };
+    expect(ff.recompute(frozen, { hitsFactors: fake }).multiplier).toBe(1.99);
+    expect(ff.recompute(frozen).multiplier).not.toBe(1.99);
+  });
+
+  it('recompute(null) is null', () => {
+    expect(ff.recompute(null)).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('RECORDING IS NOT COMPUTING — the served grade cannot move', () => {
+  it('freezing does not mutate the context the factor uses', () => {
+    const ctx = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(FULL_CTX));
+    const before = JSON.stringify(ctx);
+    ff.freeze(ctx, PROP);
+    expect(JSON.stringify(ctx)).toBe(before);
+  });
+
+  it('the grade path writes factor_inputs but leaves pOver alone', () => {
+    const src = require('fs').readFileSync(
+      require('path').join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'src/services/intelligence/analyzeViaEngine1.js'), 'utf8');
+    // Window from the A5 marker to the end of the factor block. A fixed byte
+    // count was brittle — A6 inserted the shadow resolve inside it and pushed
+    // the assignment past the window, failing a test whose subject had not moved.
+    const start = src.indexOf('FIX A5 — FREEZE THE INPUTS');
+    const block = src.slice(start, src.indexOf('const pWin = dir ===', start));
+    expect(block).toMatch(/legacy\.factor_inputs = /);
+    // The recording path must never assign the served probability.
+    expect(block).not.toMatch(/pOver\s*=[^=]/);
+  });
+
+  it('retention persists it as inputs, not as a multiplier', () => {
+    const src = require('fs').readFileSync(
+      require('path').join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'src/services/retentionService.js'), 'utf8');
+    expect(src).toMatch(/factor_inputs: s\.factor_inputs \|\| null/);
+    expect(src).not.toMatch(/factor_multiplier:/);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('retentionService carries the frozen vector onto the row', () => {
+  const ret = require('../../src/services/retentionService');
+  const ctx = { snapshotId: 's1', capturedAt: '2026-08-10T14:00:00Z', sport: 'mlb', gameDate: '2026-08-10' };
+
+  it('a graded hits side lands with its factor_inputs', () => {
+    const frozen = ff.freeze(FULL_CTX, PROP);
+    const rows = ret.__testing
+      ? []
+      : ret.rowsFromSides({ player: 'Aaron Judge', stat_type: 'hits', line: 0.5, game_time: '2026-08-10T23:00:00Z' },
+        [{ direction: 'over', grade: 'B', p_win: 0.55, factor_inputs: frozen }], ctx);
+    expect(rows[0].factor_inputs).toEqual(frozen);
+    expect(rows[0].factor_inputs.multiplier).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('is null when the grader had no factor context', () => {
+    const rows = ret.rowsFromSides({ player: 'A', stat_type: 'rbi', line: 0.5, game_time: '2026-08-10T23:00:00Z' },
+      [{ direction: 'over', grade: 'C', p_win: 0.5 }], ctx);
+    expect(rows[0].factor_inputs).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/unit/hitsFactorContextAsOf.test.js b/tests/unit/hitsFactorContextAsOf.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b244038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/hitsFactorContextAsOf.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * hitsFactorContext as-of — Fix A4.
+ *
+ * The contamination this locks out: without a cutoff, `latestBy` returns TODAY'S
+ * dated row, so auditing a 2026-08-07 grade would join a profile built from
+ * games played after it. A clean read of the wrong date is still contamination.
+ *
+ * Fake client throughout; nothing here touches a network.
+ */
+
+const ctxSvc = require('../../src/services/model/hitsFactorContext');
+const hf = require('../../src/services/model/hitsFactors');
+const { nameKey } = require('../../src/utils/playerName');
+
+// Derived, never hardcoded: nameKey resolves nicknames ('Chris' -> 'christopher'),
+// so a literal key would silently miss and look like an honest absence.
+const BATTER = nameKey('Aaron Judge');
+const PITCHER = nameKey('Chris Sale');
+
+/** Records every filter so an unapplied as-of bound fails the test. */
+function fakeSb(tables) {
+  const calls = [];
+  return {
+    calls,
+    from(table) {
+      const state = { table, lte: null, eq: {} };
+      calls.push(state);
+      const q = {
+        select() { return q; },
+        eq(c, v) { state.eq[c] = v; return q; },
+        lte(c, v) { if (c === 'as_of_date') state.lte = v; return q; },
+        order() { return q; },
+        async range(from, to) {
+          let rows = tables[table] || [];
+          if (state.lte) rows = rows.filter((r) => String(r.as_of_date) <= state.lte);
+          return { data: rows.slice(from, to + 1), error: null };
+        },
+      };
+      return q;
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+const spray = (d, key, id) => ({
+  as_of_date: d, sport: 'mlb', season: 2026, source_id: id, player_key: key,
+  pull_gb: 0.3, straight_gb: 0.2, oppo_gb: 0.1, pull_air: 0.2, straight_air: 0.1, oppo_air: 0.1,
+});
+// positionOaa is { position: { oaa, fielders } } — not a bare number.
+const defense = (d, team) => ({
+  as_of_date: d, sport: 'mlb', season: 2026, team,
+  position_oaa: {
+    '3B': { oaa: 2 }, SS: { oaa: 1 }, LF: { oaa: 0 }, '1B': { oaa: 0 },
+    '2B': { oaa: 1 }, RF: { oaa: -1 }, CF: { oaa: 0 },
+  },
+});
+const platoon = (d, key) => ({
+  as_of_date: d, sport: 'mlb', season: 2026, player_key: key,
+  vl_pa: 120, vl_ab: 110, vl_hits: 33, vr_pa: 300, vr_ab: 280, vr_hits: 70,
+});
+const sc = (d, key, id, role, extra = {}) => ({
+  as_of_date: d, sport: 'mlb', season: 2026, source_id: id, role, player_key: key,
+  bats: 'R', throws: 'L', hard_hit_pct: 40, ...extra,
+});
+
+const TABLES = {
+  batter_spray: [spray('2026-08-05', BATTER, 1), spray('2026-08-09', BATTER, 1)],
+  team_defense: [defense('2026-08-05', 'Red Sox'), defense('2026-08-09', 'Red Sox')],
+  platoon_splits: [platoon('2026-08-05', BATTER), platoon('2026-08-09', BATTER)],
+  statcast_aggregates: [sc(null, BATTER, 1, 'batter'), sc(null, PITCHER, 2, 'pitcher', { hard_hit_pct: 30 })],
+  statcast_history: [
+    sc('2026-08-05', BATTER, 1, 'batter'), sc('2026-08-09', BATTER, 1, 'batter'),
+    sc('2026-08-05', PITCHER, 2, 'pitcher', { hard_hit_pct: 30 }),
+    sc('2026-08-09', PITCHER, 2, 'pitcher', { hard_hit_pct: 99 }),   // today's value
+  ],
+};
+
+const PROP = { player: 'Aaron Judge', opponent: 'Red Sox', opposing_pitcher: 'Chris Sale' };
+
+describe('as-of bound is APPLIED, and only when asked', () => {
+  it('LIVE (no asOf) applies no as_of filter and reads statcast_aggregates', async () => {
+    const sb = fakeSb(TABLES);
+    const r = await ctxSvc.build(sb);
+    expect(r.asOf).toBeNull();
+    expect(r.__stats.mode).toBe('live');
+    expect(r.__stats.statcast_source).toBe('statcast_aggregates');
+    expect(sb.calls.every((c) => c.lte === null)).toBe(true);
+    expect(sb.calls.map((c) => c.table)).toContain('statcast_aggregates');
+    expect(sb.calls.map((c) => c.table)).not.toContain('statcast_history');
+  });
+
+  it('AS-OF applies lte on EVERY dated table and reads statcast_history', async () => {
+    const sb = fakeSb(TABLES);
+    const r = await ctxSvc.build(sb, { asOf: '2026-08-07' });
+    expect(r.__stats.mode).toBe('as-of (audit)');
+    expect(r.__stats.statcast_source).toBe('statcast_history');
+    for (const t of ['batter_spray', 'team_defense', 'platoon_splits', 'statcast_history']) {
+      const c = sb.calls.find((x) => x.table === t);
+      expect(c.lte).toBe('2026-08-07');
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+describe('THE CONTAMINATION, LOCKED OUT', () => {
+  it('never returns a row dated after asOf', async () => {
+    const r = await ctxSvc.build(fakeSb(TABLES), { asOf: '2026-08-07' });
+    const c = r(PROP);
+    expect(c.spray.as_of_date).toBe('2026-08-05');        // NOT the 08-09 row
+    expect(c.as_of).toBe('2026-08-07');
+  });
+
+  it("picks up TODAY's value on the live path — proving the test can tell them apart", async () => {
+    const live = await ctxSvc.build(fakeSb(TABLES));
+    const past = await ctxSvc.build(fakeSb(TABLES), { asOf: '2026-08-07' });
+    // The pitcher's hard-hit rate moved 30 -> 99 on 08-09.
+    expect(live(PROP).pitcherHardHit).toBeCloseTo(0.30, 5);
+    expect(past(PROP).pitcherHardHit).toBeCloseTo(0.30, 5);
+    const today = await ctxSvc.build(fakeSb(TABLES), { asOf: '2026-08-09' });
+    expect(today(PROP).pitcherHardHit).toBeCloseTo(0.99, 5);
+  });
+
+  it('takes the LATEST row within the bound, not the earliest', async () => {
+    const tables = { ...TABLES, batter_spray: [spray('2026-08-01', BATTER, 1), spray('2026-08-05', BATTER, 1), spray('2026-08-09', BATTER, 1)] };
+    const r = await ctxSvc.build(fakeSb(tables), { asOf: '2026-08-07' });
+    expect(r(PROP).spray.as_of_date).toBe('2026-08-05');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('REFUSAL OVER RECONSTRUCTION', () => {
+  it('an entity with NO row at-or-before asOf yields null — never the nearest row', async () => {
+    // Every dated row is AFTER the cutoff. The honest answer is "no context".
+    const r = await ctxSvc.build(fakeSb(TABLES), { asOf: '2026-07-01' });
+    expect(r).toBeNull();                 // nothing loaded at all → serve unadjusted
+  });
+
+  it('refuses ONE entity while still serving another', async () => {
+    const tables = {
+      ...TABLES,
+      batter_spray: [spray('2026-08-09', BATTER, 1)],   // only AFTER the cutoff
+      platoon_splits: [platoon('2026-08-05', BATTER)],  // present at the cutoff
+    };
+    const r = await ctxSvc.build(fakeSb(tables), { asOf: '2026-08-07' });
+    const c = r(PROP);
+    expect(c.spray).toBeNull();           // refused
+    expect(c.platoonSplits).not.toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('a refused input leaves the BASE RATE UNTOUCHED (factor does not apply)', () => {
+    // The end-to-end consequence: no spray → no defense_by_direction multiplier.
+    const withSpray = hf.hitsFactorMultiplier({
+      spray: TABLES.batter_spray[0], positionOaa: TABLES.team_defense[0].position_oaa, bats: 'R',
+    });
+    const refused = hf.hitsFactorMultiplier({
+      spray: null, positionOaa: TABLES.team_defense[0].position_oaa, bats: 'R',
+    });
+    expect(refused.applied.map((a) => a.factor)).not.toContain('defense_by_direction');
+    expect(refused.skipped.map((s) => s.factor)).toContain('defense_by_direction');
+    // and with nothing else readable the multiplier is exactly 1 — a no-op.
+    expect(refused.multiplier).toBe(1);
+    expect(withSpray.factors_fired).toBeGreaterThan(refused.factors_fired);
+  });
+
+  it('adjustProbability is unchanged when every input is refused', () => {
+    const out = hf.adjustProbability(0.42, { spray: null, positionOaa: null, bats: null });
+    expect(out.p_adjusted).toBe(0.42);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('archetype is CARRIED, never invented', () => {
+  it('passes the graded row archetype through', async () => {
+    const r = await ctxSvc.build(fakeSb(TABLES), { asOf: '2026-08-07' });
+    expect(r({ ...PROP, archetype: 'BOMBER' }).archetype).toBe('BOMBER');
+  });
+
+  it('is null when the caller supplies none — no context table holds it', async () => {
+    const r = await ctxSvc.build(fakeSb(TABLES), { asOf: '2026-08-07' });
+    expect(r(PROP).archetype).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('the context read stays on safePaginate with the real composite key', () => {
+  it('orders by the full unique tuple of each table', () => {
+    const src = require('fs').readFileSync(
+      require('path').join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'src/services/model/hitsFactorContext.js'), 'utf8');
+    expect(src).toMatch(/uniqueKeyFor\(table\)/);
+    expect(src).toMatch(/require\('\.\.\/\.\.\/utils\/safePaginate'\)/);
+    // No hand-rolled walk left behind.
+    expect(src).not.toMatch(/for \(let from = 0/);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/unit/matchupKeysShadow.test.js b/tests/unit/matchupKeysShadow.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..870a74f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/matchupKeysShadow.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * A6 — the join keys, resolved into a SHADOW resolve.
+ *
+ * A5 measured all three hits factors skipped on 596/596 because nothing sets
+ * `prop.opponent` / `prop.opposing_pitcher`. A6 resolves them and freezes what
+ * the factors WOULD do. The served grade must not move.
+ */
+
+const mk = require('../../src/services/model/matchupKeys');
+const ctxSvc = require('../../src/services/model/hitsFactorContext');
+const hf = require('../../src/services/model/hitsFactors');
+const ff = require('../../src/services/model/factorFreeze');
+const { nameKey } = require('../../src/utils/playerName');
+
+const JUDGE = nameKey('Aaron Judge');
+
+const fakeSb = (rows) => ({
+  from() {
+    const st = { lte: null };
+    const q = {
+      select() { return q; }, eq() { return q; },
+      lte(c, v) { if (c === 'as_of_date') st.lte = v; return q; },
+      order() { return q; },
+      async range(f, t2) {
+        const r = st.lte ? rows.filter((x) => String(x.as_of_date) <= st.lte) : rows;
+        return { data: r.slice(f, t2 + 1), error: null };
+      },
+    };
+    return q;
+  },
+});
+
+const LINEUP = [{
+  as_of_date: '2026-08-09', game_date: '2026-08-09', sport: 'mlb',
+  game_pk: 1, team: 'New York Yankees', side: 'home', player_key: JUDGE,
+}];
+const SCHED = [{
+  home: { team: 'New York Yankees', probablePitcher: { id: 1, name: 'Gerrit Cole' } },
+  away: { team: 'Boston Red Sox', probablePitcher: { id: 2, name: 'Chris Sale' } },
+}];
+
+describe('key resolution', () => {
+  it('resolves opponent + opposing pitcher from lineup + schedule', async () => {
+    const r = await mk.build({ sb: fakeSb(LINEUP), getSchedule: async () => SCHED, gameDate: '2026-08-09' });
+    const k = r({ player: 'Aaron Judge' });
+    expect(k.opponent).toBe('Boston Red Sox');
+    expect(k.opposing_pitcher).toBe('Chris Sale');
+    expect(k.source).toBe('lineup_context+schedule');
+    expect(k.refused).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('REFUSES a player with no posted lineup row — never guesses from the prop teams', async () => {
+    const r = await mk.build({ sb: fakeSb(LINEUP), getSchedule: async () => SCHED, gameDate: '2026-08-09' });
+    // The prop knows both teams; the resolver still refuses, because which side
+    // the hitter bats for is not knowable from that.
+    const k = r({ player: 'Nobody Atall', home_team: 'NYY', away_team: 'BOS' });
+    expect(k.opponent).toBeNull();
+    expect(k.opposing_pitcher).toBeNull();
+    expect(k.refused).toBe('no_lineup_row');
+  });
+
+  it('refuses the pitcher when the game has no probable, keeping the opponent', async () => {
+    const noSP = [{ home: { team: 'New York Yankees' }, away: { team: 'Boston Red Sox' } }];
+    const r = await mk.build({ sb: fakeSb(LINEUP), getSchedule: async () => noSP, gameDate: '2026-08-09' });
+    const k = r({ player: 'Aaron Judge' });
+    expect(k.opponent).toBe('Boston Red Sox');
+    expect(k.opposing_pitcher).toBeNull();
+    expect(k.refused).toBe('no_probable_pitcher');
+  });
+
+  it('bounds the lineup read by as-of (A4 discipline)', async () => {
+    const future = [{ ...LINEUP[0], as_of_date: '2026-08-20' }];
+    const r = await mk.build({ sb: fakeSb(future), getSchedule: async () => SCHED, gameDate: '2026-08-09', asOf: '2026-08-09' });
+    expect(r({ player: 'Aaron Judge' }).refused).toBe('no_lineup_row');
+  });
+
+  it('returns null (not a stub) when nothing loads', async () => {
+    expect(await mk.build({})).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('the resolver: LIVE unchanged, SHADOW fires', () => {
+  const TABLES = {
+    batter_spray: [{ as_of_date: '2026-08-09', sport: 'mlb', season: 2026, source_id: 1, player_key: JUDGE, pull_gb: 0.3, straight_gb: 0.2, oppo_gb: 0.1, pull_air: 0.2, straight_air: 0.1, oppo_air: 0.1 }],
+    team_defense: [{ as_of_date: '2026-08-09', sport: 'mlb', season: 2026, team: 'Boston Red Sox', position_oaa: { '3B': { oaa: 2 }, SS: { oaa: 1 }, LF: { oaa: 0 }, '1B': { oaa: 0 }, '2B': { oaa: 1 }, RF: { oaa: -1 }, CF: { oaa: 0 } } }],
+    platoon_splits: [{ as_of_date: '2026-08-09', sport: 'mlb', season: 2026, player_key: JUDGE, vl_pa: 120, vl_ab: 110, vl_hits: 33, vr_pa: 300, vr_ab: 280, vr_hits: 70 }],
+    statcast_aggregates: [
+      { sport: 'mlb', season: 2026, source_id: 1, role: 'batter', player_key: JUDGE, bats: 'R', hard_hit_pct: 40 },
+      { sport: 'mlb', season: 2026, source_id: 2, role: 'pitcher', player_key: nameKey('Chris Sale'), throws: 'L', hard_hit_pct: 45 },
+    ],
+  };
+  const sbCtx = () => ({
+    from(table) {
+      const q = { select() { return q; }, eq() { return q; }, lte() { return q; }, order() { return q; },
+        async range(f, t2) { return { data: (TABLES[table] || []).slice(f, t2 + 1), error: null }; } };
+      return q;
+    },
+  });
+  const PROP = { player: 'Aaron Judge', stat_type: 'hits' };
+  const KEYS = { opponent: 'Boston Red Sox', opposing_pitcher: 'Chris Sale', source: 'lineup_context+schedule', refused: null };
+
+  it('WITHOUT keys nothing fires — the measured live state', async () => {
+    const ctx = await ctxSvc.build(sbCtx());
+    const c = ctx(PROP, 'mlb');
+    const m = hf.hitsFactorMultiplier(c);
+    expect(c.positionOaa).toBeNull();
+    expect(c.throws).toBeNull();
+    expect(m.factors_fired).toBe(0);
+    expect(m.multiplier).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('WITH keys the factors fire — same indexes, different join', async () => {
+    const ctx = await ctxSvc.build(sbCtx());
+    const c = ctx(PROP, 'mlb', KEYS);
+    const m = hf.hitsFactorMultiplier(c);
+    expect(c.positionOaa).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(c.throws).toBe('L');
+    expect(m.factors_fired).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(m.multiplier).not.toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('the shadow block records the would-fire result and stays recomputable', async () => {
+    const ctx = await ctxSvc.build(sbCtx());
+    const live = ctx(PROP, 'mlb');
+    const shadowCtx = ctx(PROP, 'mlb', KEYS);
+    const shM = hf.hitsFactorMultiplier(shadowCtx);
+    const frozen = ff.freeze(live, PROP, ff.shadowBlock(shadowCtx, shM, KEYS));
+
+    expect(frozen.would_fire.multiplier).toBe(shM.multiplier);
+    expect(frozen.would_fire.factors_fired).toBe(shM.factors_fired);
+    expect(frozen.would_fire.keys.opponent).toBe('Boston Red Sox');
+    // Recomputable from what was stored beside it.
+    const re = hf.hitsFactorMultiplier({
+      spray: live.spray, bats: live.bats, platoonSplits: live.platoonSplits,
+      positionOaa: frozen.would_fire.shadow_inputs.position_oaa,
+      throws: frozen.would_fire.shadow_inputs.throws,
+      pitcherHardHit: frozen.would_fire.shadow_inputs.pitcher_hard_hit,
+    });
+    expect(re.multiplier).toBe(frozen.would_fire.multiplier);
+  });
+
+  it('the LIVE frozen inputs still show the refusal — shadow does not overwrite them', async () => {
+    const ctx = await ctxSvc.build(sbCtx());
+    const live = ctx(PROP, 'mlb');
+    const shadowCtx = ctx(PROP, 'mlb', KEYS);
+    const frozen = ff.freeze(live, PROP, ff.shadowBlock(shadowCtx, hf.hitsFactorMultiplier(shadowCtx), KEYS));
+    expect(frozen.position_oaa).toBeNull();      // what the SERVED grade saw
+    expect(frozen.throws).toBeNull();
+    expect(frozen.would_fire.shadow_inputs.throws).toBe('L');   // what it WOULD have seen
+  });
+
+  it('no shadow block when the keys were refused', async () => {
+    const ctx = await ctxSvc.build(sbCtx());
+    const live = ctx(PROP, 'mlb');
+    expect(ff.freeze(live, PROP, null).would_fire).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('the served grade cannot read the shadow', () => {
+  it('the engine assigns pOver only from the LIVE adjust, never from would_fire', () => {
+    const src = require('fs').readFileSync(
+      require('path').join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'src/services/intelligence/analyzeViaEngine1.js'), 'utf8');
+    const i = src.indexOf('FIX A6 — SHADOW RESOLVE');
+    const block = src.slice(i, i + 900);
+    expect(block).toMatch(/shadow = ffz\.shadowBlock/);
+    expect(block).not.toMatch(/pOver\s*=/);
+    // and the only pOver assignment in the factor area is gated on the LIVE adj
+    expect(src).toMatch(/if \(adj\.p_adjusted != null && adj\.factors_fired > 0\) \{\s*\n\s*pOver = adj\.p_adjusted;/);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/unit/readIntegrity.test.js b/tests/unit/readIntegrity.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97611d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/readIntegrity.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Read-integrity harness — spec: specs/read-integrity-harness.md §5.
+ * Every case uses a FAKE page fetcher; nothing here touches a network.
+ */
+
+const ri = require('../../src/utils/readIntegrity');
+
+/** A fetcher that serves a fixed list of pages, then empties. */
+const pagesOf = (pages) => async (from, to) => {
+  const size = to - from + 1;
+  const idx = Math.floor(from / size);
+  return pages[idx] || [];
+};
+
+const row = (id) => ({ id });
+const ids = (a, b) => Array.from({ length: b - a + 1 }, (_, i) => row(a + i));
+
+describe('walk', () => {
+  it('stops on a short page', async () => {
+    const rows = await ri.walk(pagesOf([ids(1, 10), ids(11, 15)]), 10);
+    expect(rows).toHaveLength(15);
+  });
+
+  it('stops on an empty page after a full one', async () => {
+    const rows = await ri.walk(pagesOf([ids(1, 10), []]), 10);
+    expect(rows).toHaveLength(10);
+  });
+
+  it('keeps duplicates — collapsing them here would erase the measurement', async () => {
+    const rows = await ri.walk(pagesOf([ids(1, 10), [row(3), row(4)]]), 10);
+    expect(rows).toHaveLength(12);
+  });
+
+  it('PROPAGATES a fetch error instead of treating it as end-of-data', async () => {
+    // The calibrationService.fromLedger:117 defect: `if (error || !data) break`
+    // makes a partial read indistinguishable from a complete one.
+    const boom = async () => { throw new Error('fetch failed'); };
+    await expect(ri.walk(boom, 10)).rejects.toThrow('fetch failed');
+  });
+
+  it('refuses to report a runaway walk as complete', async () => {
+    const never = async () => ids(1, 10);          // always a full page
+    await expect(ri.walk(never, 10, 3)).rejects.toThrow(/maxPages/);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('analyze — the verdict is measured, never inferred', () => {
+  it('PASSes a walk that is set-identical to the control', () => {
+    const r = ri.analyze({ exactCount: 15, unordered: ids(1, 15), ordered: ids(1, 15) });
+    expect(r.verdict).toBe(ri.VERDICT.PASS);
+    expect(r.unordered.duplicates).toBe(0);
+    expect(r.corruption_pct).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('FAILs the measured production shape: last page re-emits earlier rows', () => {
+    // 2,490-row read reproduced in miniature: the tail page repeats rows already
+    // returned, so an equal number of real rows are never seen.
+    const unordered = [...ids(1, 10), ...ids(11, 20), ...[row(3), row(4), row(5)]];
+    const ordered = ids(1, 23);
+    const r = ri.analyze({ exactCount: 23, unordered, ordered });
+    expect(r.verdict).toBe(ri.VERDICT.FAIL);
+    expect(r.unordered.rows).toBe(23);            // the count looks perfect
+    expect(r.unordered.distinct).toBe(20);        // the rows are not
+    expect(r.unordered.duplicates).toBe(3);
+    expect(r.unordered.missing_vs_control).toBe(3);
+    expect(r.corruption_pct).toBeCloseTo(13.0, 1);
+  });
+
+  it('META-SCAR GUARD: an ORDERED walk that still duplicates is FAIL, not PASS', () => {
+    // The clause is not the result. A harness that credited the presence of an
+    // ORDER BY would be verifying its own intention.
+    const orderedButBroken = [...ids(1, 20), row(20)];
+    const r = ri.analyze({ exactCount: 21, unordered: orderedButBroken, ordered: ids(1, 21) });
+    expect(r.verdict).toBe(ri.VERDICT.FAIL);
+    expect(r.unordered.duplicates).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('reports CONTROL_INVALID when the control is short of the server count', () => {
+    const r = ri.analyze({ exactCount: 30, unordered: ids(1, 25), ordered: ids(1, 25) });
+    expect(r.verdict).toBe(ri.VERDICT.CONTROL_INVALID);
+    expect(r.control_valid).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('never issues PASS without a server count to validate against', () => {
+    const r = ri.analyze({ exactCount: null, unordered: ids(1, 5), ordered: ids(1, 5) });
+    expect(r.verdict).not.toBe(ri.VERDICT.PASS);
+    expect(r.verdict).toBe(ri.VERDICT.CONTROL_INVALID);
+  });
+
+  it('reports KEY_NOT_UNIQUE rather than blaming the walk for duplicate data', () => {
+    // batter_spray keyed on player_key|as_of_date has genuine duplicate keys.
+    const dup = [{ k: 'a' }, { k: 'a' }, { k: 'b' }];
+    const r = ri.analyze({ exactCount: 3, unordered: dup, ordered: dup, keyCols: ['k'] });
+    expect(r.verdict).toBe(ri.VERDICT.KEY_NOT_UNIQUE);
+    expect(r.key_unique).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('counts a composite key across columns', () => {
+    const rows = [{ a: 1, b: 'x' }, { a: 1, b: 'y' }];
+    const r = ri.analyze({ exactCount: 2, unordered: rows, ordered: rows, keyCols: ['a', 'b'] });
+    expect(r.verdict).toBe(ri.VERDICT.PASS);
+  });
+
+  it('distinguishes an EXTRA row from a missing one', () => {
+    const r = ri.analyze({ exactCount: 5, unordered: [...ids(1, 5), row(99)], ordered: ids(1, 5) });
+    expect(r.unordered.extra_vs_control).toBe(1);
+    expect(r.unordered.missing_vs_control).toBe(0);
+    expect(r.verdict).toBe(ri.VERDICT.FAIL);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('applyFilters', () => {
+  const fake = () => {
+    const calls = [];
+    const q = {
+      calls,
+      eq: (...a) => { calls.push(['eq', ...a]); return q; },
+      is: (...a) => { calls.push(['is', ...a]); return q; },
+      in: (...a) => { calls.push(['in', ...a]); return q; },
+      not: (...a) => { calls.push(['not', ...a]); return q; },
+      lt: (...a) => { calls.push(['lt', ...a]); return q; },
+      gte: (...a) => { calls.push(['gte', ...a]); return q; },
+    };
+    return q;
+  };
+
+  it('chains ops in order', () => {
+    const q = ri.applyFilters(fake(), [
+      ['eq', 'sport', 'mlb'],
+      ['is', 'user_id', null],
+      ['in', 'outcome', ['hit', 'miss']],
+      ['not', 'p_win', 'is', null],
+      ['lt', 'game_date', '2026-08-09'],
+    ]);
+    expect(q.calls).toEqual([
+      ['eq', 'sport', 'mlb'],
+      ['is', 'user_id', null],
+      ['in', 'outcome', ['hit', 'miss']],
+      ['not', 'p_win', 'is', null],
+      ['lt', 'game_date', '2026-08-09'],
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('THROWS on an unknown op rather than skipping it — a dropped filter changes the row set', () => {
+    expect(() => ri.applyFilters(fake(), [['contains', 'x', 'y']])).toThrow(/unsupported filter op/);
+  });
+
+  it('handles an empty filter list', () => {
+    expect(ri.applyFilters(fake(), []).calls).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('measure', () => {
+  const spec = { id: 'r1', source: 'f.js:1', table: 't', key: ['id'] };
+
+  it('assembles a full result for a clean reader', async () => {
+    const r = await ri.measure(spec, {
+      pageSize: 10,
+      exactCount: async () => 15,
+      fetchUnordered: pagesOf([ids(1, 10), ids(11, 15)]),
+      fetchOrdered: pagesOf([ids(1, 10), ids(11, 15)]),
+    });
+    expect(r.verdict).toBe(ri.VERDICT.PASS);
+    expect(r.pages).toBe(2);
+    expect(r.id).toBe('r1');
+  });
+
+  it('reports ERROR (not PASS, not empty) when a page fetch throws', async () => {
+    const r = await ri.measure(spec, {
+      pageSize: 10,
+      exactCount: async () => 15,
+      fetchUnordered: async () => { throw new Error('boom'); },
+      fetchOrdered: pagesOf([ids(1, 15)]),
+    });
+    expect(r.verdict).toBe(ri.VERDICT.ERROR);
+    expect(r.reason).toMatch(/boom/);
+  });
+
+  it('reports ERROR when the count itself fails', async () => {
+    const r = await ri.measure(spec, {
+      pageSize: 10,
+      exactCount: async () => { throw new Error('count failed'); },
+      fetchUnordered: pagesOf([ids(1, 5)]),
+      fetchOrdered: pagesOf([ids(1, 5)]),
+    });
+    expect(r.verdict).toBe(ri.VERDICT.ERROR);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('the harness writes nothing', () => {
+  it('has no insert/update/upsert/delete anywhere in its source', () => {
+    const fs = require('fs');
+    const path = require('path');
+    for (const f of ['../../src/utils/readIntegrity.js', '../../scripts/read-integrity.js']) {
+      const p = path.join(__dirname, f);
+      if (!fs.existsSync(p)) continue;
+      const src = fs.readFileSync(p, 'utf8');
+      expect(src).not.toMatch(/\.insert\(|\.update\(|\.upsert\(|\.delete\(|\.rpc\(/);
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/unit/readerPagination.test.js b/tests/unit/readerPagination.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9314e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/readerPagination.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Fix A2 — the learning readers do not regress to the unordered walk.
+ *
+ * WHAT THIS TEST IS AND IS NOT. It does NOT assert that a reader is correct —
+ * correctness is measured by `scripts/read-integrity.js` against an ordered
+ * control on live data, and a source grep can never stand in for that (the
+ * meta-scar rule, specs/read-integrity-harness.md §2).
+ *
+ * What it DOES assert is structural: the two tables measured corrupt
+ * (`ledger_entries`, `model_snapshots`) are never read through the legacy
+ * `page()` helper again, the scripts stay importable without executing, and the
+ * named READS the harness measures still exist. Those are the properties that,
+ * if they silently regressed, would make the next harness run measure the wrong
+ * thing.
+ */
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+
+const SCRIPTS = [
+  'prove-hit-factors', 'prove-tb-factors', 'cluster-prove',
+  'tb-solo-and-interactions', 'build-grade-bands', 'proven-status',
+  'champion-ablation',
+  // A2b — the context readers and the two write-scripts
+  'prove-runs-rbi', 'pitcher-prove-k', 'prove-park-weather', 'skill-v1-stagea',
+  'stagea-gate-run', 'backfill-context', 'reconstruct-game-environment',
+  'calibrate-hits',
+];
+
+/** Every table these scripts page through must have a recorded unique key. */
+const KEYED_TABLES = ['ledger_entries', 'model_snapshots', 'statcast_aggregates',
+  'batter_spray', 'team_defense', 'platoon_splits', 'park_dimensions',
+  'hitter_opportunity', 'lineup_context', 'game_context'];
+
+const CORRUPTED_TABLES = ['ledger_entries', 'model_snapshots'];
+
+/**
+ * READS DELIBERATELY LEFT ON THE LEGACY WALK — named, with the reason.
+ *
+ * The A2 order scoped the fix to the eleven readers measured FAIL and said
+ * explicitly to leave the siblings that measured 0%. Those siblings are listed
+ * here rather than excluded by a loosened regex, so the gap is VISIBLE and
+ * tracked instead of invisible.
+ *
+ * They are not safe by construction — they are clean by plan. The same query on
+ * `ledger_entries` measured 16.5% one minute and 24.8% the next, so a 0% reading
+ * is a fact about today, not a property. These should move in a follow-up.
+ */
+const KNOWN_LEGACY_READS = {
+  // A2b closed the last exceptions: the three reads A2 left on the legacy walk
+  // are converted, and the unordered helper is DELETED from every script rather
+  // than parked beside the safe one — a dead broken helper is an invitation.
+};
+
+const read = (name) => fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'scripts', `${name}.js`), 'utf8');
+
+describe.each(SCRIPTS)('scripts/%s.js', (name) => {
+  const src = read(name);
+  const allowed = KNOWN_LEGACY_READS[name] || [];
+
+  it('never reads a keyed table through an unordered walk', () => {
+    for (const table of KEYED_TABLES) {
+      // `page(sb, 'ledger_entries'` — the unordered walk. `pageSafe(...)` is fine.
+      expect(src).not.toMatch(new RegExp(`[^e]page\\(\\s*sb,\\s*'${table}'`));
+    }
+    expect(allowed).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it('carries NO unordered page() helper at all — the landmine is deleted', () => {
+    const code = src.replace(/\/\/.*/g, '').replace(/\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\//g, '');
+    const defs = code.match(/async function page\(/g) || [];
+    for (const _ of defs) {
+      // A surviving helper must itself order; an unordered one must not exist.
+      expect(code).toMatch(/paginate\(/);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('looks its key up from the schema rather than assuming id', () => {
+    expect(src).toMatch(/uniqueKeyFor/);
+  });
+
+  it('routes its fixed reads through safePaginate, not a hand-rolled walk', () => {
+    expect(src).toMatch(/require\('\.\.\/src\/utils\/safePaginate'\)/);
+    expect(src).toMatch(/async function pageSafe\(/);
+    // pageSafe must delegate — a second walk implementation is the thing the
+    // A2 order explicitly forbade.
+    expect(src).toMatch(/return paginate\(/);
+  });
+
+  it('exports the named READS the harness measures', () => {
+    const mod = require(path.join('..', '..', 'scripts', name));   // must not execute
+    expect(mod.READS).toBeDefined();
+    for (const fn of Object.values(mod.READS)) expect(typeof fn).toBe('function');
+  });
+
+  it('does NOT run main() on require — importing it must not hit the network or write', () => {
+    // prove-hit-factors and friends write to mc_test_ledger via
+    // tl.recordAndCount, which is the Bonferroni denominator. An unguarded
+    // entrypoint would let the harness inflate the correction just by measuring.
+    expect(src).toMatch(/if \(require\.main === module\)/);
+    expect(src).not.toMatch(/^main\(\)\.catch/m);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('the calibration services load rows through safePaginate', () => {
+  it.each([
+    ['calibrationService', '../../src/services/model/calibrationService'],
+    ['lowParamService', '../../src/services/model/lowParamService'],
+  ])('%s exports loadSettledRows', (label, modPath) => {
+    const mod = require(modPath);
+    expect(typeof mod.loadSettledRows).toBe('function');
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    ['calibrationService', 'src/services/model/calibrationService.js'],
+    ['lowParamService', 'src/services/model/lowParamService.js'],
+  ])('%s no longer swallows a query error as end-of-data', (label, rel) => {
+    const src = fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, '..', '..', rel), 'utf8');
+    // The :117 defect, in CODE. Anchored to line-start so the comment that
+    // documents the defect does not count as the defect.
+    expect(src).not.toMatch(/^\s*if \(error \|\| !data/m);
+    expect(src).toMatch(/paginate\(/);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('A2 did not open anything it was not meant to', () => {
+  it('CALIBRATION_DEPLOYED is still empty — no stat serves a calibrated number', () => {
+    const snapshotService = require('../../src/services/snapshotService');
+    expect(snapshotService.CALIBRATION_DEPLOYED).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('both hits verdicts remain withdrawn', () => {
+    const wv = require('../../src/services/model/withdrawnVerdicts');
+    expect(wv.isWithdrawn('mlb', 'hits', 'defense_by_direction')).toBe(true);
+    expect(wv.isWithdrawn('mlb', 'hits', 'pitcher_contact_profile')).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/unit/safePaginate.test.js b/tests/unit/safePaginate.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc9e694
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/safePaginate.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * safePaginate — spec: specs/read-integrity-harness.md §7.
+ * Fake query builders throughout; nothing here touches a network.
+ */
+
+const { paginate } = require('../../src/utils/safePaginate');
+
+/**
+ * A fake PostgREST table. `rows` may be mutated between pages to simulate
+ * concurrent writes. Honours order+range the way Postgres does WITH an ORDER BY.
+ */
+function fakeTable(rows, opts = {}) {
+  const state = { rows, orderCalls: 0, rangeCalls: 0 };
+  state.make = () => {
+    let orderKey = null; let asc = true;
+    const q = {
+      order(k, o) { orderKey = k; asc = !o || o.ascending !== false; state.orderCalls += 1; return q; },
+      async range(from, to) {
+        state.rangeCalls += 1;
+        if (opts.errorOnRange && opts.errorOnRange(from)) return { data: null, error: { message: 'connection reset' } };
+        if (opts.beforeRange) opts.beforeRange(from, state);
+        // Unordered simulation: return physical order (the production defect).
+        let out = [...state.rows];
+        if (orderKey) {
+          out.sort((a, b) => (a[orderKey] < b[orderKey] ? -1 : a[orderKey] > b[orderKey] ? 1 : 0));
+          if (!asc) out.reverse();
+        }
+        return { data: out.slice(from, to + 1), error: null };
+      },
+    };
+    return q;
+  };
+  return state;
+}
+
+const row = (id) => ({ id, v: `r${id}` });
+const ids = (a, b) => Array.from({ length: b - a + 1 }, (_, i) => row(a + i));
+
+describe('safePaginate — (a) returns the full set, in order', () => {
+  it('walks every page and returns each row exactly once, ascending by key', async () => {
+    const t = fakeTable(ids(1, 2490));
+    const out = await paginate(t.make, { pageSize: 1000 });
+    expect(out).toHaveLength(2490);
+    expect(new Set(out.map((r) => r.id)).size).toBe(2490);
+    expect(out.map((r) => r.id)).toEqual(ids(1, 2490).map((r) => r.id));   // in order
+    expect(t.rangeCalls).toBe(3);
+  });
+
+  it('always applies the order — every page is ordered, not just the first', async () => {
+    const t = fakeTable(ids(1, 2490));
+    await paginate(t.make, { pageSize: 1000 });
+    expect(t.orderCalls).toBe(t.rangeCalls);
+  });
+
+  it('orders by the configured key, and can descend', async () => {
+    const t = fakeTable(ids(1, 5));
+    const out = await paginate(t.make, { pageSize: 10, ascending: false });
+    expect(out.map((r) => r.id)).toEqual([5, 4, 3, 2, 1]);
+  });
+
+  it('returns [] for an empty table without throwing', async () => {
+    const out = await paginate(fakeTable([]).make, { pageSize: 10 });
+    expect(out).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('safePaginate — (b) a mid-walk error THROWS, never a silent end', () => {
+  it('throws when page 2 fails instead of returning page 1 as the whole set', async () => {
+    // THE :117 DEFECT: `if (error || !data) break` would return 1,000 rows here
+    // and the caller would fit a map on them believing it had 2,490.
+    const t = fakeTable(ids(1, 2490), { errorOnRange: (from) => from === 1000 });
+    await expect(paginate(t.make, { pageSize: 1000, label: 'cal' }))
+      .rejects.toThrow(/read failed at range 1000-1999 — connection reset/);
+  });
+
+  it('tags the error so a caller can tell a read failure from thin history', async () => {
+    const t = fakeTable(ids(1, 10), { errorOnRange: (from) => from === 0 });
+    await expect(paginate(t.make, { pageSize: 5 })).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: 'READ_FAILED' });
+  });
+
+  it('names itself in the message', async () => {
+    const t = fakeTable(ids(1, 10), { errorOnRange: () => true });
+    await expect(paginate(t.make, { pageSize: 5, label: 'fromLedger(hits)' }))
+      .rejects.toThrow(/^fromLedger\(hits\):/);
+  });
+
+  it('refuses a runaway walk rather than reporting a truncated read as complete', async () => {
+    // Fresh unique ids every page, so the runaway guard is what fires — not the
+    // duplicate guard.
+    let n = 0;
+    const t = {
+      make: () => ({
+        order() { return this; },
+        async range() { const page = ids(n * 10 + 1, n * 10 + 10); n += 1; return { data: page, error: null }; },
+      }),
+    };
+    await expect(paginate(t.make, { pageSize: 10, maxPages: 3 })).rejects.toThrow(/maxPages/);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('safePaginate — (c) set-identity vs an ordered full-table control', () => {
+  const control = (rows) => [...rows].sort((a, b) => a.id - b.id).map((r) => r.id);
+
+  it('is set-identical to the control on a static table', async () => {
+    const rows = ids(1, 4321);
+    const out = await paginate(fakeTable(rows).make, { pageSize: 1000 });
+    expect(out.map((r) => r.id)).toEqual(control(rows));
+  });
+
+  it('is set-identical when the physical order is shuffled under it', async () => {
+    // The planner returning rows in an arbitrary physical order is exactly the
+    // production condition. A stable ORDER BY makes it irrelevant.
+    const rows = ids(1, 3000);
+    const t = fakeTable([...rows].reverse());
+    const out = await paginate(t.make, { pageSize: 1000 });
+    expect(out.map((r) => r.id)).toEqual(control(rows));
+  });
+
+  it('THROWS on a duplicate key rather than returning a corrupted set', async () => {
+    // A non-unique ordering key: ties may come back in any order, so pages
+    // overlap. An .order() clause on such a column is not a fix.
+    const dup = [{ id: 1 }, { id: 2 }, { id: 2 }, { id: 3 }];
+    await expect(paginate(fakeTable(dup).make, { pageSize: 2 }))
+      .rejects.toThrow(/duplicate key \(id\)=2/);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('safePaginate — concurrent append (the regression this fix exists for)', () => {
+  it('returns every pre-existing row exactly once while rows are APPENDED mid-walk', async () => {
+    // The snapshot cron appends to ledger_entries at 14/19/22/1/3 UTC. With a
+    // stable ascending key, appended rows land after the cursor: nothing already
+    // returned can be returned again, and nothing pending can be skipped.
+    const original = ids(1, 2500);
+    let next = 10000;
+    const t = fakeTable([...original], {
+      beforeRange: (from, state) => {
+        if (from > 0) state.rows.push(row(next++));       // a write lands mid-walk
+      },
+    });
+    const out = await paginate(t.make, { pageSize: 1000 });
+    const seen = out.map((r) => r.id);
+
+    expect(new Set(seen).size).toBe(seen.length);          // no duplicates
+    for (const r of original) expect(seen).toContain(r.id); // nothing dropped
+  });
+
+  it('the OLD unordered walk fails that same simulation — the test has teeth', async () => {
+    // Same table, paged over PHYSICAL order with no ORDER BY. An UPDATE in
+    // Postgres writes a new tuple version at the end of the heap, so a row that
+    // was already returned moves AFTER the cursor (returned twice) and every row
+    // behind it shifts back by one (one falls across the page boundary unseen).
+    // This is the production shape, and it is what the fix removes.
+    const original = ids(1, 2500);
+    const rows = [...original];
+    const unorderedWalk = async () => {
+      const out = [];
+      for (let from = 0; ; from += 1000) {
+        if (from > 0) rows.push(rows.splice(0, 1)[0]);   // a row is re-written mid-walk
+        const page = rows.slice(from, from + 1000);
+        if (page.length === 0) break;
+        out.push(...page);
+        if (page.length < 1000) break;
+      }
+      return out;
+    };
+    const seen = (await unorderedWalk()).map((r) => r.id);
+    expect(new Set(seen).size).toBeLessThan(seen.length);  // duplicates appear
+    const missing = original.filter((r) => !seen.includes(r.id));
+    expect(missing.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);             // and rows are lost
+  });
+});
+
+// ── FIX A2b — COMPOSITE KEYS ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+const { normalizeKey } = require('../../src/utils/safePaginate');
+const { uniqueKeyFor } = require('../../src/utils/tableKeys');
+
+/** A fake table keyed by a composite tuple, ordered the way Postgres would. */
+function fakeComposite(rows, opts = {}) {
+  const state = { rows, orderCols: [], rangeCalls: 0 };
+  state.make = () => {
+    const cols = [];
+    const q = {
+      order(c) { cols.push(c); return q; },
+      async range(from, to) {
+        state.rangeCalls += 1;
+        state.orderCols = [...cols];
+        if (opts.errorOnRange && opts.errorOnRange(from)) return { data: null, error: { message: 'reset' } };
+        const out = [...state.rows].sort((a, b) => {
+          for (const c of cols) {
+            if (a[c] < b[c]) return -1;
+            if (a[c] > b[c]) return 1;
+          }
+          return 0;
+        });
+        return { data: out.slice(from, to + 1), error: null };
+      },
+    };
+    return q;
+  };
+  return state;
+}
+
+const KEY = ['as_of_date', 'sport', 'season', 'player_key'];
+const composite = (n) => Array.from({ length: n }, (_, i) => ({
+  as_of_date: `2026-08-${String((i % 9) + 1).padStart(2, '0')}`,
+  sport: 'mlb', season: 2026, player_key: `p${i}`, v: i,
+}));
+
+describe('safePaginate — composite keys (A2b)', () => {
+  it('normalizeKey treats a string and a one-column list identically', () => {
+    expect(normalizeKey('id')).toEqual(['id']);
+    expect(normalizeKey(['id'])).toEqual(['id']);
+    expect(normalizeKey(undefined)).toEqual(['id']);
+    expect(normalizeKey(KEY)).toEqual(KEY);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects an empty key rather than silently defaulting to id', () => {
+    expect(() => normalizeKey([])).toThrow(/must be a column name/);
+    expect(() => normalizeKey([null])).toThrow(/must be a column name/);
+  });
+
+  it('returns the full set exactly once, ordered by the whole tuple', async () => {
+    const t = fakeComposite(composite(2500));
+    const rows = await paginate(t.make, { key: KEY, pageSize: 1000 });
+    expect(rows).toHaveLength(2500);
+    expect(new Set(rows.map((r) => r.player_key)).size).toBe(2500);
+    // sorted by as_of_date first
+    for (let i = 1; i < rows.length; i += 1) {
+      expect(rows[i].as_of_date >= rows[i - 1].as_of_date).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('orders EVERY column of the key, in the declared order', async () => {
+    const t = fakeComposite(composite(10));
+    await paginate(t.make, { key: KEY, pageSize: 100 });
+    expect(t.orderCols).toEqual(KEY);
+  });
+
+  it('a mid-walk error still THROWS with a composite key', async () => {
+    const t = fakeComposite(composite(2500), { errorOnRange: (f) => f === 1000 });
+    await expect(paginate(t.make, { key: KEY, pageSize: 1000, label: 'ctx' }))
+      .rejects.toThrow(/ctx: read failed at range 1000-1999/);
+  });
+
+  it('THROWS on a duplicate TUPLE, naming every column', async () => {
+    const dup = [
+      { as_of_date: '2026-08-01', sport: 'mlb', season: 2026, player_key: 'a' },
+      { as_of_date: '2026-08-01', sport: 'mlb', season: 2026, player_key: 'a' },
+    ];
+    await expect(paginate(fakeComposite(dup).make, { key: KEY, pageSize: 10 }))
+      .rejects.toThrow(/duplicate key \(as_of_date,sport,season,player_key\)/);
+  });
+
+  it('does NOT throw when only a PREFIX of the tuple repeats', async () => {
+    // Same day, same sport, different player — a legitimate row, not a duplicate.
+    const rows = [
+      { as_of_date: '2026-08-01', sport: 'mlb', season: 2026, player_key: 'a' },
+      { as_of_date: '2026-08-01', sport: 'mlb', season: 2026, player_key: 'b' },
+    ];
+    await expect(paginate(fakeComposite(rows).make, { key: KEY, pageSize: 10 }))
+      .resolves.toHaveLength(2);
+  });
+
+  it('the single-key path is unchanged — backward compatible', async () => {
+    const t = fakeTable(ids(1, 2490));
+    const out = await paginate(t.make, { pageSize: 1000 });          // no key => 'id'
+    expect(out).toHaveLength(2490);
+    expect(new Set(out.map((r) => r.id)).size).toBe(2490);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('tableKeys — the constraints come from the schema, not a guess', () => {
+  it('gives the real composite key for each context table', () => {
+    expect(uniqueKeyFor('batter_spray')).toEqual(['as_of_date', 'sport', 'season', 'source_id']);
+    expect(uniqueKeyFor('team_defense')).toEqual(['as_of_date', 'sport', 'season', 'team']);
+    expect(uniqueKeyFor('statcast_aggregates')).toEqual(['sport', 'season', 'source_id', 'role']);
+    expect(uniqueKeyFor('platoon_splits')).toEqual(['as_of_date', 'sport', 'season', 'player_key']);
+    expect(uniqueKeyFor('park_dimensions')).toEqual(['as_of_date', 'sport', 'venue_id']);
+    expect(uniqueKeyFor('hitter_opportunity')).toEqual(['as_of_date', 'sport', 'season', 'player_key']);
+    expect(uniqueKeyFor('lineup_context')).toEqual(['as_of_date', 'sport', 'game_pk', 'player_key']);
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the single-column keys single', () => {
+    expect(uniqueKeyFor('ledger_entries')).toEqual(['id']);
+    expect(uniqueKeyFor('model_snapshots')).toEqual(['id']);
+    expect(uniqueKeyFor('game_context')).toEqual(['game_id']);
+  });
+
+  it('THROWS for an unknown table rather than defaulting to id', () => {
+    expect(() => uniqueKeyFor('some_new_table')).toThrow(/no unique key recorded/);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/unit/shadowAccrual.test.js b/tests/unit/shadowAccrual.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..848b733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/shadowAccrual.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * A7 — does the shadow EVIDENCE actually accrue, on the scheduled path?
+ *
+ * A6 measured the shadow firing in a hand-run script. That proves the resolver
+ * works; it does not prove a scheduled snapshot writes anything. This drives the
+ * REAL `gradeAndCacheSlate` -> onGraded -> rowsFromSides chain with injected
+ * deps and asserts a `would_fire` block lands on the retention row.
+ *
+ * The distinction matters: A5 found factors that were built, correct, and never
+ * invoked. Evidence that is generated but never persisted is the same failure
+ * one layer along.
+ */
+
+const gradeSlate = require('../../src/services/gradeSlateService');
+const retention = require('../../src/services/retentionService');
+const ff = require('../../src/services/model/factorFreeze');
+const hf = require('../../src/services/model/hitsFactors');
+const { nameKey } = require('../../src/utils/playerName');
+
+const JUDGE = nameKey('Aaron Judge');
+
+const SPRAY = {
+  as_of_date: '2026-08-10', player_key: JUDGE,
+  pull_gb: 0.30, straight_gb: 0.20, oppo_gb: 0.10,
+  pull_air: 0.20, straight_air: 0.10, oppo_air: 0.10,
+};
+const OAA = {
+  '3B': { oaa: 2 }, SS: { oaa: 1 }, LF: { oaa: 0 }, '1B': { oaa: 0 },
+  '2B': { oaa: 1 }, RF: { oaa: -1 }, CF: { oaa: 0 },
+};
+const SPLITS = { vl: { pa: 120, atBats: 110, hits: 33 }, vr: { pa: 300, atBats: 280, hits: 70 } };
+
+/** The LIVE context: no opponent, no pitcher — the measured production state. */
+const liveCtx = () => ({
+  spray: SPRAY, positionOaa: null, bats: 'R', throws: null,
+  pitcherHardHit: null, platoonSplits: SPLITS, archetype: 'BOMBER', as_of: null,
+});
+/** The SHADOW context: same indexes, joined through the resolved keys. */
+const shadowCtx = () => ({ ...liveCtx(), positionOaa: OAA, throws: 'L', pitcherHardHit: 0.45 });
+
+const KEYS = {
+  opponent: 'Boston Red Sox', opposing_pitcher: 'Chris Sale',
+  source: 'lineup_context+schedule', refused: null,
+};
+
+/** A resolver with A6's signature: keys omitted = live, keys supplied = shadow. */
+const resolver = (prop, sport, keys) => (keys ? shadowCtx() : liveCtx());
+
+const PROP = {
+  player: 'Aaron Judge', stat_type: 'hits', line: 0.5, book: 'draftkings',
+  over_odds: -120, under_odds: 100, game_time: '2026-08-10T23:05:00Z',
+};
+
+/** A grader that runs the REAL engine freeze/shadow logic in miniature. */
+function fakeGrade(base) {
+  const legacy = {
+    player: base.player, stat_type: base.stat_type, line: base.line,
+    direction: base.direction, grade: 'B', confidence: 70, p_win: 0.55,
+  };
+  // This mirrors analyzeViaEngine1's A5/A6 block exactly.
+  if (String(base.stat_type).toLowerCase() === 'hits' && base.factor_context) {
+    const live = hf.adjustProbability(0.55, base.factor_context);
+    if (live.p_adjusted != null && live.factors_fired > 0) legacy.p_win = live.p_adjusted;
+    let shadow = null;
+    const keys = base.matchup_keys || null;
+    if (keys && (keys.opponent || keys.opposing_pitcher) && typeof base.factor_context_resolver === 'function') {
+      const sc = base.factor_context_resolver(base, base.sport, keys);
+      if (sc) shadow = ff.shadowBlock(sc, hf.hitsFactorMultiplier(sc), keys);
+    }
+    legacy.factor_inputs = ff.freeze(base.factor_context, base, shadow);
+  }
+  return legacy;
+}
+
+async function runSlate(opts = {}) {
+  const collected = [];
+  await gradeSlate.gradeAndCacheSlate('mlb', [PROP], {
+    grade: fakeGrade,
+    factorContext: resolver,
+    matchupKeys: opts.matchupKeys !== undefined ? opts.matchupKeys : (() => KEYS),
+    cacheSet: async () => {},
+    onGraded: (base, sides) => {
+      collected.push(...retention.rowsFromSides(base, sides, {
+        snapshotId: 's1', capturedAt: '2026-08-10T14:00:00Z', sport: 'mlb', gameDate: '2026-08-10',
+      }));
+    },
+    ...opts.slate,
+  });
+  return collected;
+}
+
+describe('the shadow accrues through the REAL slate path', () => {
+  it('a graded hits row lands with would_fire on it', async () => {
+    const rows = await runSlate();
+    expect(rows.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    const row = rows.find((r) => r.factor_inputs);
+    expect(row).toBeDefined();
+    expect(row.factor_inputs.would_fire).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(row.factor_inputs.would_fire.factors_fired).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(row.factor_inputs.would_fire.keys.opponent).toBe('Boston Red Sox');
+  });
+
+  it('the row also carries the LIVE refusal — both states, side by side', async () => {
+    const rows = await runSlate();
+    const fi = rows.find((r) => r.factor_inputs).factor_inputs;
+    expect(fi.position_oaa).toBeNull();                     // what the grade saw
+    expect(fi.throws).toBeNull();
+    expect(fi.would_fire.shadow_inputs.throws).toBe('L');   // what it would have
+  });
+
+  it('would_fire stays RE-DERIVABLE from what is stored beside it', async () => {
+    const rows = await runSlate();
+    const fi = rows.find((r) => r.factor_inputs).factor_inputs;
+    const re = hf.hitsFactorMultiplier({
+      spray: fi.spray, bats: fi.bats,
+      platoonSplits: fi.platoon
+        ? { vl: { pa: fi.platoon.vl.pa, atBats: fi.platoon.vl.ab, hits: fi.platoon.vl.hits },
+          vr: { pa: fi.platoon.vr.pa, atBats: fi.platoon.vr.ab, hits: fi.platoon.vr.hits } }
+        : null,
+      positionOaa: fi.would_fire.shadow_inputs.position_oaa,
+      throws: fi.would_fire.shadow_inputs.throws,
+      pitcherHardHit: fi.would_fire.shadow_inputs.pitcher_hard_hit,
+    });
+    expect(re.multiplier).toBe(fi.would_fire.multiplier);
+  });
+
+  it('THE SERVED GRADE IS UNTOUCHED — p_win is the unadjusted forecast', async () => {
+    const rows = await runSlate();
+    for (const r of rows) expect(Number(r.p_win)).toBe(0.55);
+  });
+
+  it('no matchupKeys resolver => no would_fire, and the grade is the same', async () => {
+    const rows = await runSlate({ matchupKeys: null });
+    const fi = rows.find((r) => r.factor_inputs).factor_inputs;
+    expect(fi.would_fire).toBeNull();
+    for (const r of rows) expect(Number(r.p_win)).toBe(0.55);
+  });
+
+  it('refused keys => no shadow fire, never a guess', async () => {
+    const refused = { opponent: null, opposing_pitcher: null, source: null, refused: 'no_lineup_row' };
+    const rows = await runSlate({ matchupKeys: () => refused });
+    expect(rows.find((r) => r.factor_inputs).factor_inputs.would_fire).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('the scheduled path carries the shadow (not just a hand-run script)', () => {
+  const src = require('fs').readFileSync(
+    require('path').join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'src/services/snapshotService.js'), 'utf8');
+
+  it('runSnapshot builds the key index and passes it to the grader', () => {
+    expect(src).toMatch(/matchupKeys/);
+    expect(src).toMatch(/gradeAndCacheSlate\(sp, props, \{\s*\n\s*factorContext,\s*\n\s*matchupKeys,/);
+  });
+
+  it('the index is built BEFORE the grade call, not after', () => {
+    expect(src.indexOf('FIX A6 — THE JOIN KEYS')).toBeLessThan(src.indexOf('await deps.gradeAndCacheSlate('));
+  });
+
+  it('runAllSnapshots (the cron entrypoint) routes through runSnapshot', () => {
+    expect(src).toMatch(/async function runAllSnapshots/);
+    expect(src).toMatch(/runSnapshot\(/);
+  });
+
+  it('a key-resolve failure degrades to no-shadow, never breaking the slate', () => {
+    const i = src.indexOf('FIX A6 — THE JOIN KEYS');
+    const block = src.slice(i, i + 1600);
+    expect(block).toMatch(/catch \(e\)/);
+    expect(block).toMatch(/matchupKeys = null|no key index/);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/unit/snapshotSettlementService.test.js b/tests/unit/snapshotSettlementService.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ca6880
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/snapshotSettlementService.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * snapshotSettlementService — Fix A3.
+ * Every dependency injected; nothing here touches a network or a database.
+ */
+
+const svc = require('../../src/services/snapshotSettlementService');
+
+const line = (over) => ({ hits: over, totalBases: over, rbi: over, runs: over });
+
+describe('decide — side-aligned outcomes', () => {
+  const base = { id: 1, game_date: '2026-08-05', captured_at: '2026-08-05T14:00:00Z', stat: 'hits', player_key: 'a' };
+  const lines = { '2026-08-05|a': line(2) };
+
+  it('an OVER that cleared the line is a hit', () => {
+    const { updates } = svc.decide([{ ...base, line: 0.5, side: 'over' }], lines);
+    expect(updates).toEqual([{ id: 1, outcome: 'hit', actual_value: 2 }]);
+  });
+
+  it('an UNDER on the SAME row is the mirror — a miss, not a hit', () => {
+    // A raw `realized > line` indicator is the OVER perspective and would invert
+    // the target on every under row.
+    const { updates } = svc.decide([{ ...base, line: 0.5, side: 'under' }], lines);
+    expect(updates).toEqual([{ id: 1, outcome: 'miss', actual_value: 2 }]);
+  });
+
+  it('an UNDER that held is a hit', () => {
+    const { updates } = svc.decide([{ ...base, line: 3.5, side: 'under' }], lines);
+    expect(updates[0].outcome).toBe('hit');
+  });
+
+  it('actual_value is the RAW realized stat, unopinionated by side', () => {
+    const o = svc.decide([{ ...base, line: 0.5, side: 'over' }], lines).updates[0];
+    const u = svc.decide([{ ...base, line: 0.5, side: 'under' }], lines).updates[0];
+    expect(o.actual_value).toBe(2);
+    expect(u.actual_value).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('reads the right box-score field per stat', () => {
+    const l = { '2026-08-05|a': { hits: 1, totalBases: 4, rbi: 3, runs: 0 } };
+    const at = (stat) => svc.decide([{ ...base, stat, line: 1.5, side: 'over' }], l).updates[0];
+    expect(at('total_bases').actual_value).toBe(4);
+    expect(at('rbi').actual_value).toBe(3);
+    // hits=1 does not clear 1.5 — that is a settled MISS, not an absence.
+    expect(at('hits')).toEqual({ id: 1, outcome: 'miss', actual_value: 1 });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('decide — a row logged after first pitch is not a prediction', () => {
+  const lines = { '2026-08-05|a': line(2) };
+  const row = (capturedAt) => ({ id: 1, game_date: '2026-08-05', captured_at: capturedAt, stat: 'hits', player_key: 'a', line: 0.5, side: 'over' });
+
+  it('accepts a capture from the morning of the game', () => {
+    // 14:00 UTC = 10:00 ET, well before first pitch.
+    expect(svc.decide([row('2026-08-05T14:00:00Z')], lines).counts.settled).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('accepts a capture from the day before', () => {
+    expect(svc.decide([row('2026-08-04T22:00:00Z')], lines).counts.settled).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('REFUSES a 01:00-UTC capture, which is 21:00 ET the same evening — in-game', () => {
+    // The trap: a UTC date compare would keep this row.
+    const r = svc.decide([{ ...row('2026-08-06T01:00:00Z'), game_date: '2026-08-05' }], lines);
+    expect(r.counts.settled).toBe(0);
+    expect(r.counts.post_hoc_logged).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('REFUSES a capture from the following day', () => {
+    const r = svc.decide([row('2026-08-06T14:00:00Z')], lines);
+    expect(r.counts.post_hoc_logged).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('isPreGame is absent-safe', () => {
+    expect(svc.isPreGame(null, '2026-08-05')).toBe(false);
+    expect(svc.isPreGame('2026-08-05T14:00:00Z', null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(svc.isPreGame('not-a-date', '2026-08-05')).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('decide — integrity', () => {
+  it('every candidate lands in exactly one bucket (conservation)', () => {
+    const lines = { '2026-08-05|a': line(2) };
+    const rows = [
+      { id: 1, game_date: '2026-08-05', captured_at: '2026-08-05T14:00:00Z', stat: 'hits', player_key: 'a', line: 0.5, side: 'over' },
+      { id: 2, game_date: '2026-08-05', captured_at: '2026-08-05T14:00:00Z', stat: 'hits', player_key: 'ghost', line: 0.5, side: 'over' },
+      { id: 3, game_date: '2026-08-05', captured_at: '2026-08-06T01:00:00Z', stat: 'hits', player_key: 'a', line: 0.5, side: 'over' },
+      { id: 4, game_date: '2026-08-05', captured_at: '2026-08-05T14:00:00Z', stat: 'hits', player_key: 'a', line: null, side: 'over' },
+    ];
+    const { counts } = svc.decide(rows, lines);
+    expect(counts.settled).toBe(1);
+    expect(counts.orphaned).toBe(1);
+    expect(counts.unresolvable).toBe(2);
+    expect(counts.settled + counts.orphaned + counts.unresolvable).toBe(counts.candidates);
+  });
+
+  it('THROWS on a duplicate row id — a doubled prediction poisons every measure', () => {
+    const r = { id: 7, game_date: '2026-08-05', captured_at: '2026-08-05T14:00:00Z', stat: 'hits', player_key: 'a', line: 0.5, side: 'over' };
+    expect(() => svc.decide([r, r], { '2026-08-05|a': line(2) })).toThrow(/duplicate snapshot id 7/);
+  });
+
+  it('a player with no box-score line is ORPHANED, never settled at zero', () => {
+    const r = svc.decide([{ id: 1, game_date: '2026-08-05', captured_at: '2026-08-05T14:00:00Z', stat: 'hits', player_key: 'nobody', line: 0.5, side: 'over' }], {});
+    expect(r.counts.orphaned).toBe(1);
+    expect(r.updates).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('battingLines — doubleheaders sum, non-batters are absent', () => {
+  const sched = (pks) => ({ dates: [{ games: pks.map((pk) => ({ gamePk: pk, officialDate: '2026-08-05', status: { detailedState: 'Final' } })) }] });
+  const box = (rows) => ({
+    teams: {
+      home: { batters: rows.map((_, i) => i + 1), players: Object.fromEntries(rows.map((r, i) => [`ID${i + 1}`, { person: { fullName: r.name }, stats: { batting: r.b } }])) },
+      away: { batters: [], players: {} },
+    },
+  });
+
+  it('sums both games of a doubleheader — the prop covers the day', async () => {
+    const getJson = async (url) => {
+      if (url.includes('schedule')) return sched([1, 2]);
+      return box([{ name: 'Aaron Judge', b: { atBats: 4, hits: 1, totalBases: 2, rbi: 1, runs: 0 } }]);
+    };
+    const lines = await svc.battingLines(['2026-08-05'], { getJson });
+    const k = Object.keys(lines)[0];
+    expect(lines[k].hits).toBe(2);          // 1 + 1
+    expect(lines[k].totalBases).toBe(4);
+  });
+
+  it('omits a player who did not bat (atBats null) rather than recording zero', async () => {
+    const getJson = async (url) => (url.includes('schedule') ? sched([1])
+      : box([{ name: 'Benchy McBench', b: { atBats: null } }]));
+    const lines = await svc.battingLines(['2026-08-05'], { getJson });
+    expect(Object.keys(lines)).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it('ignores a game that is not Final', async () => {
+    const getJson = async (url) => (url.includes('schedule')
+      ? { dates: [{ games: [{ gamePk: 1, status: { detailedState: 'In Progress' } }] }] } : box([]));
+    expect(Object.keys(await svc.battingLines(['2026-08-05'], { getJson }))).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it('a failed date is absent, not fatal', async () => {
+    const getJson = async () => { throw new Error('502'); };
+    await expect(svc.battingLines(['2026-08-05'], { getJson })).resolves.toEqual({});
+  });
+});
+
+describe('settleSnapshots — orchestration', () => {
+  const fakeSb = (rows, captured = []) => ({
+    from() {
+      const q = {
+        select() { return q; }, eq() { return q; }, in() { return q; },
+        is() { return q; }, lt() { return q; }, order() { return q; },
+        async range(from, to) { return { data: rows.slice(from, to + 1), error: null }; },
+        update(patch) { return { eq: (_c, id) => ({ is: async () => { captured.push({ id, patch }); return { error: null }; } }) }; },
+      };
+      return q;
+    },
+  });
+
+  it('no client → skipped, never a silent zero', async () => {
+    expect(await svc.settleSnapshots({})).toMatchObject({ skipped: 'supabase not configured' });
+  });
+
+  it('settles and reports repaired-champion rows separately', async () => {
+    const rows = [
+      { id: 1, game_date: '2026-08-05', captured_at: '2026-08-05T14:00:00Z', stat: 'hits', player_key: 'a', line: 0.5, side: 'over', model_version: 'engine1@2026-08-07-fullwindow' },
+      { id: 2, game_date: '2026-08-05', captured_at: '2026-08-05T14:00:00Z', stat: 'hits', player_key: 'a', line: 0.5, side: 'over', model_version: 'engine1@2026-07-20' },
+    ];
+    const captured = [];
+    const res = await svc.settleSnapshots({
+      sb: fakeSb(rows, captured),
+      now: () => new Date('2026-08-09T12:00:00Z'),
+      getJson: async (url) => (url.includes('schedule')
+        ? { dates: [{ games: [{ gamePk: 1, officialDate: '2026-08-05', status: { detailedState: 'Final' } }] }] }
+        : { teams: { home: { batters: [1], players: { ID1: { person: { fullName: 'A' }, stats: { batting: { atBats: 4, hits: 2, totalBases: 2, rbi: 0, runs: 0 } } } } }, away: { batters: [], players: {} } } }),
+    });
+    expect(res.written).toBe(2);
+    expect(res.repaired_champion_settled).toBe(1);
+    // Real outcomes, not nulls.
+    for (const c of captured) {
+      expect(c.patch.outcome).toBe('hit');
+      expect(c.patch.actual_value).toBe(2);
+      expect(c.patch.settlement_source).toBe('statsapi_boxscore');
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('bounds the dates per run and drains NEWEST first (oldest-first deadlocks)', async () => {
+    const rows = Array.from({ length: 12 }, (_, i) => ({
+      id: i + 1, game_date: `2026-07-${String(i + 10).padStart(2, '0')}`,
+      captured_at: `2026-07-${String(i + 10).padStart(2, '0')}T14:00:00Z`,
+      stat: 'hits', player_key: 'a', line: 0.5, side: 'over',
+    }));
+    const res = await svc.settleSnapshots({
+      sb: fakeSb(rows), now: () => new Date('2026-08-09T12:00:00Z'),
+      maxDates: 3, maxWindows: 1, getJson: async () => ({ dates: [] }),
+    });
+    expect(res.dates).toHaveLength(3);
+    expect(res.dates_remaining).toBe(9);
+    // Newest first: an old date whose remaining rows are all post-hoc or
+    // orphaned would otherwise re-process forever and block the window.
+    expect(res.dates[0]).toBe('2026-07-21');
+  });
+
+  it('ADVANCES past a drained window so older settleable dates are reached', async () => {
+    // The newest dates keep rows that can never settle (no box-score line), so a
+    // fixed window would sit on them forever. Only the OLDEST date here has a
+    // matching box score; the run must walk to it.
+    const rows = Array.from({ length: 4 }, (_, i) => ({
+      id: i + 1, game_date: `2026-08-0${i + 1}`, captured_at: `2026-08-0${i + 1}T14:00:00Z`,
+      stat: 'hits', player_key: i === 0 ? 'a' : `ghost${i}`, line: 0.5, side: 'over',
+    }));
+    const res = await svc.settleSnapshots({
+      sb: fakeSb(rows), now: () => new Date('2026-08-09T12:00:00Z'),
+      maxDates: 1, maxWindows: 4,
+      getJson: async (url) => (url.includes('schedule')
+        ? { dates: [{ games: [{ gamePk: 1, officialDate: '2026-08-01', status: { detailedState: 'Final' } }] }] }
+        : { teams: { home: { batters: [1], players: { ID1: { person: { fullName: 'A' }, stats: { batting: { atBats: 4, hits: 2, totalBases: 2, rbi: 0, runs: 0 } } } } }, away: { batters: [], players: {} } } }),
+    });
+    expect(res.windows_scanned).toBe(4);       // walked past three drained windows
+    expect(res.written).toBe(1);
+    expect(res.dates).toEqual(['2026-08-01']);
+  });
+
+  it('counts permanently-unsettleable rows rather than hiding them', async () => {
+    const rows = [
+      // logged at 01:00 UTC = 21:00 ET the same evening — in-game, never a prediction
+      { id: 1, game_date: '2026-08-05', captured_at: '2026-08-06T01:00:00Z', stat: 'hits', player_key: 'a', line: 0.5, side: 'over' },
+      { id: 2, game_date: '2026-08-05', captured_at: '2026-08-05T14:00:00Z', stat: 'hits', player_key: 'a', line: 0.5, side: 'over' },
+    ];
+    const res = await svc.settleSnapshots({
+      sb: fakeSb(rows), now: () => new Date('2026-08-09T12:00:00Z'),
+      getJson: async () => ({ dates: [] }),
+    });
+    expect(res.permanently_unsettleable).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('dry run writes nothing', async () => {
+    const captured = [];
+    const rows = [{ id: 1, game_date: '2026-08-05', captured_at: '2026-08-05T14:00:00Z', stat: 'hits', player_key: 'a', line: 0.5, side: 'over' }];
+    const res = await svc.settleSnapshots({
+      sb: fakeSb(rows, captured), write: false, now: () => new Date('2026-08-09T12:00:00Z'),
+      getJson: async () => ({ dates: [] }),
+    });
+    expect(res.mode).toBe('dry-run');
+    expect(captured).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('settlement does NOT reconstruct context', () => {
+  it('touches no context table and no context column', () => {
+    const src = require('fs').readFileSync(
+      require('path').join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'src/services/snapshotSettlementService.js'), 'utf8');
+    for (const t of ['batter_spray', 'team_defense', 'platoon_splits', 'park_dimensions',
+      'game_context', 'hitter_opportunity', 'statcast_aggregates', 'lineup_context']) {
+      expect(src).not.toContain(`'${t}'`);
+    }
+    // It writes outcome columns only.
+    expect(src).toMatch(/outcome: u\.outcome/);
+    expect(src).not.toMatch(/features:/);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/unit/withdrawnVerdicts.test.js b/tests/unit/withdrawnVerdicts.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..543a2cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/withdrawnVerdicts.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/** The withdrawal record — spec: specs/read-integrity-harness.md §6. */
+
+const wv = require('../../src/services/model/withdrawnVerdicts');
+
+describe('withdrawnVerdicts', () => {
+  it('records BOTH hits PROVES as withdrawn', () => {
+    expect(wv.isWithdrawn('mlb', 'hits', 'defense_by_direction')).toBe(true);
+    expect(wv.isWithdrawn('mlb', 'hits', 'pitcher_contact_profile')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('does not withdraw a factor that was never proven', () => {
+    // platoon_severity never returned PROVES (n=452 < 500). Withdrawing it would
+    // imply it once stood, which is its own falsehood.
+    expect(wv.isWithdrawn('mlb', 'hits', 'platoon_severity')).toBe(false);
+    expect(wv.isWithdrawn('mlb', 'hits', 'park_hits')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('is scoped per stat — a hits withdrawal says nothing about total_bases', () => {
+    expect(wv.isWithdrawn('mlb', 'total_bases', 'defense_by_direction')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('APPENDS rather than replaces: the original verdict and evidence survive', () => {
+    for (const w of wv.WITHDRAWALS) {
+      expect(w.original_verdict).toBe('PROVES');
+      expect(w.original_evidence.n).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(Array.isArray(w.original_evidence.ci)).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('every withdrawal carries a measured cause and implicated readers', () => {
+    for (const w of wv.WITHDRAWALS) {
+      expect(w.cause).toMatch(/unordered-pagination/);
+      expect(w.cause).toMatch(/2026-08-09/);
+      expect(w.readers_implicated.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(w.status).toBe(wv.STATUS.WITHDRAWN_PENDING_REAUDIT);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('names the eligibility arithmetic for defense_by_direction AS arithmetic', () => {
+    const d = wv.WITHDRAWALS.find((w) => w.factor === 'defense_by_direction');
+    expect(d.eligibility_note).toMatch(/422/);
+    expect(d.eligibility_note).toMatch(/not a re-measurement/);
+  });
+
+  it('records the honesty gap: both are STILL SERVED despite withdrawal', () => {
+    const served = wv.servedButWithdrawn();
+    expect(served).toHaveLength(2);
+    for (const w of served) expect(w.still_served_note).toMatch(/hitsFactors/);
+  });
+
+  it('states a reinstatement path that requires a measured clean read', () => {
+    for (const w of wv.WITHDRAWALS) expect(w.reinstatement).toMatch(/readIntegrity/);
+  });
+
+  it('is frozen — a withdrawal must not be mutated in place', () => {
+    expect(Object.isFrozen(wv.WITHDRAWALS)).toBe(true);
+    for (const w of wv.WITHDRAWALS) expect(Object.isFrozen(w)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('withdrawalsFor filters by sport and stat', () => {
+    expect(wv.withdrawalsFor('mlb', 'hits')).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(wv.withdrawalsFor('mlb', 'runs')).toHaveLength(0);
+    expect(wv.withdrawalsFor('mlb')).toHaveLength(2);
+  });
+});